شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی عوامل موثر بر تغییرات کاربری و پوشش اراضی شهر دماوند با استفاده از روش‌شناسی کیو

شهر دماوند واقع در شرق استان تهران، به‌واسطۀ‌ ویژگی‌های خاص خود تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلف، تغییرات در جنبه‌های گوناگونی را تجربه می‌کند. یکی از شایع‌ترین تغییرات، مربوط به کاربری و پوشش اراضی است. لذا اطلاع از محورهای جهت جهت‌دهنده به تفکر افراد مطلع در بحث عوامل موثر بر تغییرات کاربری و پوشش اراضی شهر دماوند از موارد مهم در حوزه حوزۀ برنامه‌ریزی شهری آن محسوب می‌شود. در جهت پیگیری این هدف و با توجه به اهمیت بحث، در این پژوهش قابلیت کاربرد روش‌شناسی کیو بررسی‌ شده است. فضای گفتمان پژوهش شامل پایان‌نامه‌ها و مقالات معتبر (با موضوعات سنجش تغییرات کاربری و پوشش اراضی و عوامل موثر بر آن) است. به‌منظور پرهیز از سوگیری پژوهش، از نمونه کیو بی‌ساختار استفاده‌شده و روایی و پایایی روش پژوهش با استفاده از شاخص kmo (در نمونه موردی برابر 0.783) مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. شناسایی الگوی ذهنی مشارکت‌کنندگان از طریق تحلیل عاملی به شیوه‌ی شیوۀ اکتشافی با استفاده از ماتریس همبستگی انجام‌ شده و روش مولفه‌های اصلی برای استخراج نهایی عوامل به‌کار رفته است. سرانجام چهار عامل (عامل جاذبه‌های شهری شهری‌شدن و ضعف بنیان‌های اقتصاد کشاورزی در ناحیه، عامل مدیریتی برنامه‌ریزی، عامل کالبدی محیطی و عامل فراهم بودن زیرساخت‌های شهری) با مجموع واریانس 75.074 درصد به‌عنوان عوامل اصلی در بحث تغییرات کاربری و پوشش اراضی شهر دماوند شناخته‌شده و به‌عنوان چارچوبچهارچوب و مبنای ارائه ارائۀ راهکارها و ارائه ارائۀ نظام پهنه‌بندی فعالیت پیشنهادی قرار‌گرفته‌اند.

An Investigation of the factors affecting Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes in Damavand city Using Q-Methodology

Introduction Damavand city in the east of Tehran province, due to its special features, experiences changes in various aspects. One of these the most common of these changes is in the usage and the coverage of urban land. If these changes occur, regardless of their consequences, they will deplete the earthchr('39')s resources. Therefore, being aware of the views of elite people in discussing the factors affecting landuse and landcover changes in Damavand city is one of the important issues in planning and policymaking. In this paper, the applicability of Qmethodology is investigated to understand the causes of landuse and landcover changes in Damavand. Qmethodology is a research method that is used to rank the factors using a Likertlike scale and check the correlation between the responses of different individuals. In this study, we intend to examine the features and stages of the Qmethodology to identify the factors influencing landuse and landcover changes in Damavand City from the perspective of different informed individuals and groups. We also seek to answer this question: How can we move forward in presenting a strategic zoning model to optimize the usage of Damavand city space within the framework of extracted factors via Qmethodology? MethodologyIn this research, the discourse space includes a valid thesis and all scientific research articles (with topics of landuse change discovery). To avoid bias, the unstructured Qsample was used. Depending on the dimensions of the Qfactors or expressions, a spectral scaled diagram was designed. The participants were selected from the researchers who were informed about the subject. The KMO index (0.783 in the case) was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Qmethod. The identified factors were interpreted based on the rotated factor matrix and the highest factor scores were calculated by the comparative analysis method. To identify participantschr('39') mental patterns, exploratory factor analysis was performed using a correlation matrix. The principal components method, which is the most common factor extraction method in Qfactor analysis, was applied. Results and discussionAccording to the method used and the steps mentioned above, four factors were extracted with a 75.074% variance. To examine these factors carefully, ranking the factor arrays of the determinants of the landuse and landcover changes were performed. Extracted factors include: A. Urbanization attractions and weaknesses of agricultural economy foundations in the area: People in this group believe that the low prices of agricultural products and the added value of changing landuse are two important measures in landuse and landcover changes in the region. B. Management and planning factor: Members of the group believe that crosssectoral urban policies, as well as lack of comprehensive management of natural resources, are among the most fundamental aspects of landuse and landcover changes in Damavand. C. PhysicalEnvironmental factor: People in this group believe that the physicalenvironmental factor is the main factor in the changes. In this regard, factors such as the physical and geographical potentials of the region and communication network system are the most important factors of the changes from the perspective of this group. D. Urban infrastructure availability factor: People in the group believe that the availability of urban infrastructure is the most important factor of the changes in landuse and landcover. ConclusionThe result of the discoveries indicates the need for effective planning to prevent damage to the urban environment. After analyzing the trend of landuse changes and the affecting factors in Damavand city, suggestions can be made to control the current trends. The results of the Qmethodology, the main factors, and comments on the proposed changes were used as a framework for presenting a strategic activity zoning model. Also, the proposed model was developed based on the standard landuse classification system with an emphasis on the activity dimension.