رابطه رضایت زناشویی و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده با رضایت از زندگی در زنان متاهل

هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه رضایت زناشویی و حمایت ادراک‌شده از همسر با رضایت از زندگی در زنان متاهل با نقش تعدیل‌کنندگی اشتغال و وضعیت اجتماعیاقتصادی ادراک‌شده بود. نوع پژوهش مقطعی، توصیفی – همبستگی با رویکرد مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل زنان متاهل شهر ارومیه بود که از میان آن‌ها 452 نفر به صورت غیرتصادفی و هدفمند برای مطالعه انتخاب ‌شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها، از پرسشنامه‌های جمعیت‌شناختی، رضایت از زندگی داینر (1985)، رضایت زناشویی کانزاس و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده زیمت و همکاران (1988) به فرم آنلاین استفاده شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم‌افزار pls smartاستفاده شد. نتایج اثر مستقیم معنادار رضایت زناشویی (β=0.588, t=12.734) ، حمایت اجتماعی ادراک‌شده همسر (β=0.179, t=2.449) و وضعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی ادراک‌شده (β=0.199, t=5.158) بر رضایت از زندگی و علاوه براین، اثر معنادار نقش تعدیل‌گری وضعیت اجتماعی –اقتصادی ادراک‌شده در مسیر حمایت ادراک‌شده از طرف همسر به رضایت از زندگی را نشان داد .(β= 0.153, t=2.336) در کل شاخص‌های برازش مدل ساختاری مطلوب بودند(gof=0.599). براین اساس می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که بهبود متغیرهای پیش‌گفته می‌تواند در افزایش رضایت از زندگی زنان متاهل نقش مهمی داشته باشد. این امر می‌تواند راهبردهایی را جهت آموزش در کارگاه‌های آموزشی توسط مشاوران خانواده در راستای ارتقای رضایت زندگی زنان متاهل ‌ارائه دهد.

The Relationship between Marital Satisfaction and Perceived Social Support with life Satisfaction in Married Women: Investigating the Moderating Role of Occupation and Perceived Socioeconomic Status

The purpose of the current research was the study the relationship between marital satisfaction and perceived social support of spouse with life satisfaction in married women with the moderating role of the occupation and perceived socioeconomic status. This crosssectional research was descriptivecorrelational with the approach of structural equation modelling. The study society included married women of Urmia, 452 people were selected in a nonrandom purposive sampling method. To gather data, demographic, Diener life satisfaction (1985), Kansas marital satisfaction (1983), and Zimet et al (1988) multidimensional scale of perceived social support were used in an online form. Data was analysed through structural equation modelling and by smart PLS software. The results revealed a significant direct effect of marital satisfaction (β=0.588, t=12.734), perceived social support of spouse (β=0.179, t=2.449) and perceived socioeconomic status (β=0.199, t=5.158) on life satisfaction, and also, a significant moderating role of the perceived socioeconomic status in the path of the perceived social support of spouse and life satisfaction (β= 0.153, t=2.336). Generally, the fit indices of the whole model were appropriate (GOF=0.599). Thus, it could be concluded that improving these already mentioned variables could play a role in improving married women’s life satisfaction. This could offer some strategies for being taught in the training courses aimed at enhancing married women’s life satisfaction, implemented by family consultants. ‌ Marital Satisfaction, Perceived Social Support of Spouse, Life Satisfaction, Occupation, Perceived Socioeconomic Status.  ‌‌IntroductionWomen make up half of the population of any society and have their issues and needs (Mirzaei, Aghayari, Katebi, 2014). Meanwhile, marriage causes significant changes in the conditions and lives of women and employment makes this issue more acute. Some research has shown that doing women’s homework in addition to working outside the home exposes working women to serious conflict and makes them prone to stress and physical and mental damage (Shanbhag, Joseph, 2012). Other researchers have reported that married women have higher life satisfaction than married housewives (leis, Tammanaei far, 2019). This means that there are conflicting research results regarding the role of employment in women’s life satisfaction. Women’s life satisfaction provides a favourable environment for their mental health and their efficiency and empowerment in the field of family and society. It affects not only various aspects of women’s lives but also, is manifested at the micro and macro levels and in various areas of society as they make up half of Iran’s social structure. However, research on life satisfaction in the field of women over the years 2005 to 2018 accounts for about 21% of all life satisfaction research (Zaki, 2019). Regarding the issues of married women, the field of life satisfaction of married women, related factors and the role of employment in achieving it requires further investigation and study. Research aim‌This study aimed to study the relationship between marital satisfaction and perceived social support of spouse with life satisfaction in married women with moderating role of the occupation and perceived socioeconomic status. Methodology452 married employed and housewives were selected by purposive nonrandom sampling method. To gather data on demographic, Diener’s life satisfaction (1985), Kansas marital satisfaction (1983), and Zimet et al (1988) perceived social support questionnaires were used in an online form. Data was analysed through structural equation modelling and by smart PLS software. Results‌The results revealed a significant direct effect from marital satisfaction (β=0.588, t=12.734), perceived significant other’s social support (β=0.179, t=2.449) and perceived socioeconomic status (β=0.199, t=5.158) on life satisfaction, and also, a significant moderating role of the perceived socioeconomic status in the path of the perceived significant other’s social support and life satisfaction (β= 0.153, t=2.336). Generally, the fit indices of the whole model were appropriate (GOF=0.599). Discussion‌According to Erdogan et al (2012), depending on individual preferences and values, satisfaction in different areas affects life satisfaction. Since in Eastern societies, marital satisfaction and good relations with the spouse is one of the priorities and values ​​of life, especially for women, and women value it a lot (Bilal, Rasool, 2020), marital satisfaction can have a positive effect on life satisfaction. As a result, a person who is satisfied with her relationship with her spouse in various aspects of married life will be satisfied with life in general and in various aspects of it (Imani et al, 2015).Perceived social support leads one to perceive levels of love and care from others to her/him and experience positive feelings and emotions, which affects her/his wellbeing (Ioannou et al, 2019). People who have experienced more pleasant moments are more satisfied with life and happier (Brief, Butcher, George, Link, 1993).The results of  (Leng, Han, Zheng, Hu, Chen, 2020) showed that with an increasing level of subjective social status, people’s financial satisfaction (including family income, housing status, work and economic status) and interpersonal satisfaction (including individual satisfaction from family, neighbourhood, friends, coworkers, spouse, and other relationships) will be higher. Thus it could be claimed that a high level of perceived socioeconomic status is associated with increased levels of life satisfaction in married women.Various cultural and social factors that lead to a traditional view of the position of women and men in the family, make men whose wives are economically and socially superior or equal to them or women have assessed their socioeconomic status in this way, feel that women have become their rivals and that they have lost the status of the family and the source of security and wellbeing of the family. As a result, feelings of dissatisfaction, incoherence and incompatibility are created in the couple’s relationship and in the family (Sobhani, Shadmehr, 2015). In the meantime, if women enjoy social support from their husbands, the obstacles, problems and negative feelings will be lessened, marital satisfaction is not harmed and its positive effect on women’s life satisfaction increases. But in the absence of perceived social support from the spouse, women with high socioeconomic status experience more stress which has a negative effect on marital satisfaction, life satisfaction and the relationship between these two variables.