مقایسه الگوهای ارتباطی، خودکارآمدی و جرئت‌ورزی در دختران نوجوان با رفتار خودزنی و رفتار عادی

پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه الگوهای ارتباطی، خودکارآمدی و جرئت‌ورزی در دختران نوجوان با رفتار خودزنی و عادی صورت گرفت. این پژوهش از نوع علّی مقایسه‌ای بود که به صورت گذشته نگر انجام شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه دانش‌آموزان دختر متوسطه دوره اول شهرانزلی در سال تحصیلی 98-1397  و همچنین نوجوانان ارجاع داده شده به اورژانس بیمارستان شهر انزلی می‌شود. حجم نمونه مورد مطالعه 60 نفر (30 دانش‌آموز با رفتار خودزنی، 30 دانش‌آموز بدون رفتار خودزنی) بودند که به روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل مقیاس خودکارآمدی شرر و مادوکس، پرسشنامه جرئت ورزی گمبریل و ریچی و مهارت های ارتباطی بارتون بود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از روش تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (manova) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمرات الگوهای ارتباطی و همه مولفه‌های آن (الگوی شنود، الگوی بازخورد و الگوی کلامی)، خودکارآمدی و جرئت‌ورزی در دختران نوجوان با رفتار خودزنی کمتر از دختران با رفتار عادی است. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از پایین بودن سطح متغیرهای مورد مطالعه در دختران نوجوان با رفتار خودزنی بود که نیازمند برنامه‌های آموزشی به منظور افزایش و بهبود سطح این متغیرها در این گروه از نوجوانان است.

Comparison of Communication patterns, self-efficacy and assertiveness at teenage girls with self-mutilation and normal group

This study aimed to compare communication patterns, selfefficacy and assertiveness in adolescent girls with the selfharming and normal group. This was a causalcomparative (casecontrol) study that was performed retrospectively. The statistical population of the present study included allfemale high school students in Anzali city in the academic year 13971398 and also adolescents referred to the emergency department of Anzali hospital. The sample size was 60 people (30 students with selfharming behaviour, 30 students without selfharming behaviour) who were selected by the convenience sampling. Data collection tools included Scherer and Maddox selfefficacy scale, Gambrill and Ritchie audacity questionnaire, and Barton communication skills. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the mean scores of communication patterns and all its components (listening pattern, feedback pattern and verbal pattern), selfefficacy and assertiveness at teenage girls have less selfharming behaviour than girls with normal behaviour. The results showed that the level of studied variables in adolescent girls with selfharming behaviour was low, which requires educational programs to increase and improve the level of these variables in this group of adolescents.IntroductionAdolescence is one of the most important and influential stages of change in the life of every person and is the basis of many highrisk behaviours and social harms in this period. One of these risky behaviours is selfmutilation behaviours that are more common in adolescence than other periods of life. Selfmutilation is an inappropriate coping method for dealing with emotional problems, anger, and failure. Multiple risk factors are involved in adolescent selfmutilation, the most important of which are communication patterns. Communication patterns among adolescents are one of the important factors in preventing or tending towards highrisk behaviours. Beliefs of selfefficacy and behavioural changes and consequences are highly correlated with each other, and selfefficacy is a very important predictor of behaviour. Accordingly, when a person has a negative assessment of his or her abilities and competencies in different situations, he/she engages in selfinjurious behaviours such as selfmutilation. Also, the results of research on highrisk behaviours have pointed to the role of individual characteristics such as the degree of the courage of individuals. Lack of nondaring traits causes discomfort and prevents the expression of emotions in social situations, as well as prevents the pursuit of individual and social goals. Research goalSince the phenomenon of selfmutilation is costly for the country’s health system and on the other hand is not compatible with human values and cultural standards, a more detailed study of the issue seems necessary. Therefore, the present study was conducted in this direction to answer the basic question: Is there a difference between communication patterns, selfefficacy and courage in adolescent girls with selfmutilation ing and normal behaviour?  Research MethodThis research is of causalcomparative type. The statistical population of the present study included all females high school students in Shahr Anzali in the academic year 20192020 and also adolescents referred to the emergency department of Anzali hospital. The sampling method of the present study was available according to which 30 girls with selfmutilation ing behaviour and 30 nonselfmutilation ing behaviour were selected to compare students with selfmutilation ing behaviour with relative matching in terms of age and educational level. To collect data in this study, Scherer and Maddox selfefficacy scale (1982), Gambrill and Ritchie daring questionnaire (1975) and Barton communication skills scale (1991) was used. FindingsTo analyze the data collected in the descriptive statistics section, the mean and standard deviation and in the inferential statistics, section to analyze the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of variance was used, for which the SPSS 19 statistical software was used.Based on research findings, the average scores of communication patterns and all its components (listening pattern, feedback pattern and verbal pattern) in adolescent girls with selfmutilation ing behaviour are lower than normal girls(P<0/01).Based on the results of multivariate analysis of variance, the mean scores of selfefficacy and courage in adolescent girls with selfmutilation ing behaviour are lower than normal girls (P<0/01). DiscussionThis study aimed to compare communication patterns, selfefficacy and courage in adolescent girls with selfmutilation ing and normal behaviour. The results showed that the mean scores of communication patterns and all its components (listening pattern, feedback pattern and verbal pattern) in adolescent girls with selfmutilation ing behaviour are lower than normal girls. When adolescents can communicate with friends, family and other members of the community using appropriate communication patterns, they cope better and more effectively with the psychological pressures of life due to receiving support from them, which reduces their selfmutilation.The results also showed that the mean scores of selfefficacy in adolescent girls with selfmutilation ing behaviour are lower than normal girls. People with high selfefficacy have the high problemsolving ability, they focus on their problemsolving abilities in difficult situations and seek solutions instead of negative ones. Also, high levels of selfefficacy are associated with a greater ability to cope with highrisk and harmful behaviours.Finally, the results showed that the average score of assertiveness in adolescent girls with selfmutilation ing behaviour is lower than normal girls. Adolescents with low selfesteem are often unable to defend themselves in the face of challenging situations and others; For this reason, they are often passive, anxious and cowardly, and instead of expressing their wants and needs, they try to advance their desires by harming themselves.