نقش گفتمان سیاسی زعامت امویان در شکل گیری روایات تفسیری عبارت «وَ لَوْ لا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ»

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﺒﺎرات ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ آن رواﯾﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه، ﻋﺒﺎرت »وَ لَوْ لا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ « اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮِ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻔﺴﺮ وﺣﯽ، ﺗﺪاﻓﻊ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺷﺮﯾﻔﻪ، ﺗﺪاﻓﻌﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﻮی ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮐﺖ وﺟﻮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ارﮐﺎن دﯾﻨﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﺎزﮔﺰاران، ﻋﺬاب و ﺑﻼ را از ﺳﺎﯾﺮﯾﻦ دﻓﻊ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﮐﺮم)ص(، ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ، در ﺳﺨﻨﺎن اﻣﯿﺮاﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﯿﻦ)ع( ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ روی ﮐﺎر آﻣﺪن اﻣﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﺧﻼﻓﺖ، ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ آﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدی روﺑﺮو ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮ آﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، رواﯾﺎت ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ را در ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎزهی زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺖ اﻣﻮی )ﻋﺼﺮآﻏﺎزﯾﻦ، ﻋﺼﺮ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ، ﻋﺼﺮ اﻓﻮل( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار دﻫﯿﻢ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آﻧﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺗﺤﻮل ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ دﻓﻊ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﻓﺮادی ﮐﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﻪی آنﻫﺎ ﻋﺬابﻫﺎ و ﺑﻼﯾﺎی اﻟﻬﯽ دﻓﻊ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد( ذﯾﻞ رواﯾﺎت ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮی اﯾﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرت از ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ دﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ و اﺑﺪال را در ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎی ﺳﺨﺘﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻔﺎی اﻣﻮی ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎر و اﺧﺘﻨﺎق اﻣﻮﯾﺎن در ﻋﺼﺮ اﻣﺎم ﺻﺎدق)ع(، آن ﺣﻀﺮت ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮی ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ)ص( و اﻓﺰودن ﻗﯿﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺤﯽ »ﺷﯿﻌﺘﻨﺎ« ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر، ﺑﺮ ﺗﺄوﯾﻼت ﻧﺎرواﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ آن زﻣﺎن رواج ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد، ﻣﻬﺮ اﺑﻄﺎل زده و آنﻫﺎ را از اﺳﺎس ﻣﺮدود اﻋﻼم داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.

the role of umayyad political discourse in shaping interpretative narratives of the phrase and were it not that allah pushed back some people by some others

one verse of the quran that has garnered multiple interpretations is the phrase and were it not that allah pushed back some people by some others. the initial interpretation by the first interpreter of the revelation posits that the defense mentioned in this verse is of a spiritual nature. it suggests that god, by virtue of the presence of individuals, who diligently practice religious obligations, such as prayer, prevents afflictions and calamities from befalling others. this interpretation was echoed by imam ali (as) after prophet muhammad (pbuh). however, the rise of the umayyad dynasty to power led to significant transformations in the prophet’s interpretation of this verse. this study aimed to examine these transformations by analyzing the interpretive narratives during three distinct periods: the early period, the period of consolidation of power, and the period of decline of umayyad rule. the findings revealed that the shift in the interpretation of the defenders (those through whom divine afflictions and calamities are averted), from religious figures to the companions and the abdāl (religious devotees) can be traced back to the oppressive policies of the umayyad caliphs. during the time of imam sadiq (as), following the end of umayyad oppression, he presented an interpretation similar to that of the prophet (pbuh). he further invalidated the prevailing misinterpretations by adding the explanatory term shi’atuna (our followers) to the aforementioned interpretation, fundamentally rejecting them.