اعتبارسنجی روایات سدّ الابواب و بررسی صحّت انتساب آن به خلیفه اول با رویکرد تاریخی

ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس رواﻳﺎت «ﺳﺪ اﻻﺑﻮاب»، ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎل ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮش(ص) وﺣﻲ ﻓﺮﻣﻮد ﻛﻪ درب ﺗﻤﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﺳﻮی ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻧﺒﻮی ﺑﺎز ﻣﻲﺷﻮد را ﺑﻪﺟﺰ درب ﺧﺎﻧﻪی ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﺑﻴﻄﺎﻟﺐ(ع)، ﺳﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ در ﻛﺘﺐ رواﻳﻲ اﻫﻞﺳﻨﺖ اﻳﻦ رواﻳﺖ در ﻣﻮرد اﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ اﺣﺎدﻳﺚ و رواﻳﺎت ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻫﻤﻮاره از ﭼﺎﺷﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﺼّﺒﺎت و ﺟﺎﻧﺐداریﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، ﻟﺬا در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮدی ﻣﻴﺎنرﺷﺘﻪای و ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ،ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻳﻦ رواﻳﺖ و واﻛﺎوی اﻋﺘﺒﺎر آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﺎ داﻧﺶ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺣﺪﻳﺚ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﺪی و ﻣﺘﻨﻲ رواﻳﺖ ﺑﭙﺮدازﻳﻢ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻣﻨﺰل اﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ در زﻣﺎن ﺻﺪور اﻳﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ در ﻣﺪﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﺒﻮده و در ﻳﻜﻲ از وادیﻫﺎی اﻃﺮاف ﻣﺪﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺳُﻨﺢ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﻟﺬا ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ رواﻳﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ، ﺟﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻮده و در زﻣﺎن ﺑﻨﻲاﻣﻴّﻪ ﺑﺮای اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺧﻠﻔﺎ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ، اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻧﻔﻮذ و ﻗﺪرت ﺑﻨﻲ اﻣﻴّﻪ و ﺛﺒﺎت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Validation of the Narrations of SaddAlAbwab and Checking the Accuracy of its Attribution to the First Caliph with a Historical Approach

According to the narrations Sadd AlAbwab , God revealed to His Prophet (PBUH) to block the doors of all the houses that open to the Prophet’s Mosque, except the door of Ali (AS). The Sunni narration books have also narrated it about Abu Bakr that the Prophet (PBUH) ordered to close all the doors except the door of Abu Bakr’s house. Regarding the necessity of this research and its need for interdisciplinary, it should be stated that the science of hadith has always been encountered with religious prejudices and advocacy and for this reason, there are many differences in it. One of these differences is the validity of the narrations of Sadd AlAbwab that have been narrated about Abu Bakr that its quality and quantity has been described in detail in other works. The present paper has tried to analyze this narrative and its validity through interdisciplinary research in methodological and theoretical ways and by adapting and combining the sciences of hadith and history. In this regard, an attempt has been made to examine the subject by comparing the historical data related to the data of the hadith sciences about the discussed narrations, as well as the analysis of the data. The findings showed that Abu Bakr’s house was not in Medina at the time of the issuance of this hadith and was located in one of the valleys around Medina called Sonh and it seemed that the mentioned narrations are counterfeit narrations have been enacted in Umayyad period to validate the religion of the caliphs and as a result to increase political influence, power and stability.