numerical analysis to investigate the effect partially filled of porous media inserted in a square channel for different locations

Various methods are used to improve the heat transfer coefficient of fluids flow inside the various cross-sections of channels, and one of these methods is the use of porous media (pm) in various engineering and industrial applications such as heat exchangers and storage tanks for solar energy. this research paper shows a numerical study using the comsol multiphysics 6.0 program, the effect of the pm (glass spheres) inside a square-shaped channel (12 * 12 cm2) by taking three different locations of the pm for two cases (constant heat flux, and constant wall temperature) at the lower surface of a test section and knowing their effect on the distribution of temperature, and velocity to compare them with the absence of the pm for the same channel. the results showed the best temperature distribution to get the best heat transfer coefficient and thus increase the nusselt number in position (1) of the pm for the test section.