شایستگی‌های رهبری روسای دانشگاه‌ها در نظام آموزش عالی ایران

زﻣﻴﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎی اﻣﺮوزی، ﺑﺮای ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎی ﭘﻮﻳﺎ، ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه و در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﭘﻴﺸﺒﺮد ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﻳﺖ و اﻫﺪاف ﺧﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨﺪی از رﻫﺒﺮان ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺎز دارﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎی رﻫﺒﺮی ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز روﺳﺎی داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻳﺮان اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.روش: اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ و ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮور ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎی ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و در ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه داﻧﺸﻲ، ﻧﮕﺮﺷﻲ و ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮای اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﺳﻨﺠﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ، از اﻋﻀﺎی ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎی ﺗﻬﺮان، ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﺋﻲ و ﺧﻮارزﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 3 ﺳﺎل ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪ. داده ﻫﺎی ﻻزم ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﮔﺮدآوری ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ، از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎرﺗﻠﺖ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪی اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ.ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎی داﻧﺸﻲ، ﻧﮕﺮﺷﻲ و ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ را دارﻧﺪ و در ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ از اﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻧﻴﺰ ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ «ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و اﻋﺘﺒﺎر داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ»، «اﻧﺘﺼﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﻪ دور از ﺟﻨﺎح ﺑﻨﺪی ﻫﺎی ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ» و «ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺳﺎزی ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ» ﺑﺮای روﺳﺎ ی داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮی: دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﻲ در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺪازه زﻳﺎدی ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪی و ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎی رﻫﺒﺮان داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ دارد. ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ وﻳﮋه ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﻳﺖ، اﻫﺪاف و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎی ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه اﻣﺮوزﻳﻦ اﻳﺠﺎب ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب روﺳﺎ ی داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎی رﻫﺒﺮی آﻧﺎن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﻳﮋه ای ﺷﻮد.

Leadership competencies of university presidents in Iran’s higher education system

Background and Purpose: Succeeding in the dynamic, complex and changing environments of today’s universities requires having the competent leaders to advance the mission and purposes of the university. This study was conducted with the purpose of identifying and ranking the leadership competencies required by university presidents in the Iranian higher education system.  Methodology: This research is applied, descriptive and surveybased. Competencies were identified by reviewing previous research and were divided into three groups of knowledge, attitude and skills. To validate these findings, a survey was conducted on faculty members of Tehran University, Allameh Tabatabai University and Kharazmi University, who were faculty members for at least 3 years. Necessary data were collected using a researchermade questionnaire and Bartlett tests and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data.   Findings: Knowledge, attitude and skill competencies are the most important, respectively, and in each of these categories, the importance of academic competence and academic credibility, appointments away from political factions, and diversification of financial resources for university presidents in the Iranian higher education system is greater than the other groups respectively, for the university presidents in the Iranian higher education system.  Conclusion: Achieving the goals of higher education in universities depends to a large extent on the abilities and competencies of university leaders. The special nature of the mission, goals and performance of universities in today’s complex environments requires that special attention be paid to the competency of their leadership in the selection of university presidents.