ظرفیت های فقهی برای نیاز های امرور نظام حقوقی خانواده (موجبات درخواست طلاق زوجه در حکم اولی)

زﻣﻴﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﻴﻪ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺪﻧﻲ زوج دارای ﺣﻖ اﻧﺤﺼﺎری در ﻃﻼق اﺳﺖ؛اﻣﺎ زوﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﺰ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺧﺎص، از دادﮔﺎه درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻃﻼق داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻃﻼق زوﺟﻪ در ﺣﻜﻢ اوﻟﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﻳﻼء و ﻇﻬﺎر، از ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن، در راﺳﺘﺎ ی اﺣﻘﺎق ﺣﻖ زوﺟﻪ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﻴﺮی از ﺳﻮءاﺳﺘﻔﺎده زوج ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ اﻣﺮوزه ﻣ ﻲ ﺑﻴﻨ ﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻃﻼق در ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺣﻜﺎم ﺛﺎﻧﻮی ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮی ﻧﻴﺎز ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ روز زﻧﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از اﻳﻨﺮو، ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﻇﺮ در ﭘﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آﻳﺎ زوﺟﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﺟﺰ اﻳﻼء و ﻇﻬﺎر ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻃﻼق ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﻜﻢ اوﻟﻴﻪ )ﺑﺪون اﺛﺒﺎت ﻋﺴﺮوﺣﺮجﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﭘﻴﺶ آﻣﺪه( و ﺑﺪون ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻓﺪﻳﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؟اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ - ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ، ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ را ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺮده و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای، ﻣﻮارد ﻃﻼق ﺑﻪ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ زوﺟﻪ را در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻘﻬﻲ و اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدیﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺪاﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ادﻟﻪ و آراء ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ در ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪه، ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﻓﻘﻪ اﻣﺎﻣﻴﻪ زوﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﻣﻮاردی ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺪم اﻳﻔﺎء وﻇﺎﻳﻒ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ از ﺳﻮی زوج، ﻋﺪم ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﻧﻔﻘﻪ و ﺳﻮء رﻓﺘﺎر زوج، از دادﮔﺎه ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎی اﺻﻼح زوج و در ﺻﻮرت ﻋﺪم اﺻﻼح، ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎی ﻃﻼق داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

jurisprudential capacities for modern needsof the family legal system(grounds for the wife's request for divorce under primary rulings)

according to islamic jurisprudence and civil law, the husband has the exclusive right to divorce, but the wife cannot request a divorce from the court except in special circumstances. the causes of wife’s divorce, such as ila and zehar, has been the right of the wife and prevent the abuse of the husband. but today, we see that most of the causes of the wife’s request for divorce in the law are in the form of secondary rulings, which cannot prevent the abuses and rights of the wife. this article is an attempt to answer the question of whether a wife cannot request a divorce under any circumstances except for ila and zehar, based on the primary percept and without paying fidya by descriptive- analytical method? in this regard, after examining the evidence and judicial opinions in the discussed cases, based on imamiyyah jurisprudence, the wife can ask the court for reformation of the husband in cases of non-fulfillment of marital duties by the husband, non-payment of maintenance, and misconduct of the husband, and in case of non-reformation, must ask. so, in cases that someone afraid of getting involved in sin, divorce is obligatory.