روایت زنانِ کار در متروی تهران در میانه‌ی اپیدمی کرونا

در ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ی وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮرمی و راﻛﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد در دﻫﻪ ی اﺧﻴﺮ، ﺷﻴﻮع ﻛﺮوﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﺳﻴﺐ دﻳﺪن ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎی ﻛﺎر بی ﻗﺮارداد ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮاردادﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﻗﺖ و ﻏﻴﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪامی و ﺑﺪون ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻛﺮوﻧﺎ ﺑﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻏﻴﺮ رسمی در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﻛﻢدرآﻣﺪ و ﺑﺎ درآﻣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎی جسیتی، زﻧﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﺮدان در ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺮﺧﻄﺮ ﺣﻀﻮر داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه شغلی ﺷﺪ، ﺳﻮال اصلی اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ زﻧﺎنِ ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوش ﻣﺸﻐﻮل در ﻣﺘﺮو ﭼﻪ رواﻳﺘﻲ از ﻛﺎر در دوره اﭘﻴﺪﻣﻲ ﻛﺮوﻧﺎ و ﻣﺼﺎﻳﺐ آن دارﻧﺪ؟اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻴﺪان ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را زﻧﺎن ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوش در ﻣﺘﺮوی ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ می دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﺎم اﭘﻴﺪمی ﻛﺮوﻧﺎ و ﺑﻮﻳﮋه ﻣﻮجﻫﺎی ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ آن ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ، ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ اﺷﺒﺎع دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم 21 ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ زﻧﺎن اﻣﻜﺎنﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻢﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از آزارجنسی و ﭘﻨﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺮو، زﻣﻴﻨﻪ معیشتی ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪه و آﺳﻴﺐ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ زﻧﺎن، ﻧﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﺮآﻣﻴﺰ دﻳﮕﺮان، ﺟﺪالﻫﺎی همیشگی ﺑﺎ ﻣﺄﻣﻮران، ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻫﺎی ﻛﺎر در ﻣﺘﺮو و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ زﻧﺎنِ ﻛﺎر در ﻣﻴﺎنه اﭘﻴﺪمی ﻛﻮرﻧﺎ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ازﻧﺎامنی ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮ و ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪاری ﻫﺎی ﻛﺎری زﻧﺎن ﺧﺮده ﻓﺮوش در ﻛﺴﺐ وﻛﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﺮو ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ دارد، ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺎامنی ﻓﺮاﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ آﻧﺎن در ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی ﭘﺎیینی ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎی ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ آﻧﺎن، اﻧﻮاع ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻴﺮونی ﺑﺮای ﻛﺎر، ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎیی ﻫﺎ و اﻣﻨﻴﺖ شنغلی، ﺗﻮرم و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار درآﻣﺪی، ﻋﺪم ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎی ﺑﻴﻤﻪ ای، ﺷﻮک اﭘﻴﺪمی ﻛﺮوﻧﺎ و ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﻧﻮادگی ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮدد.

the narratives of vending women working in tehran subway amid the coronavirus pandemic

after twenty years of metro development, the number of female vendors in tehran’s subway has increased dramatically. as regards the informal economy in low and middle income countries, women were more likely to work in the high risk sector during the covid 19 crisis. the focus of this article is on vending women with the primary question: &what is the narrative described by female subway vendors about working during the covid 19 pandemic and related issues?& the research was carried out using thematic analysis. the research population consisted of female vendors in tehran’s subway during the covid 19 pandemic, particularly its earlier waves (2020). the data were saturated after conducting 21 interviews with women. on site, semi structured, face to face interviews were utilized to collect data.the most important themes of this article are sexual harassment and refuge in the subway, women’s fragile and vulnerable livelihoods, other people’s contemptuous gazes, constant arguments with officers, the benefits of working in the subway, and the double challenges of vending women during the covid 19 pandemic. the study’s findings indicate that covid 19 exacerbated poverty and vulnerability, resulting in further job and mental insecurity of women with informal occupations in the subway.