همه‌گیرشناسی آسیب‌های ورزشی و افتادن دانش‌آموزان دختر و پسر ایرانی (با تاکید بر رشته‌، نقش معلم تربیت‌بدنی، سن، ظرفیت کلاس، سابقه‌ ورزشی و ساعات زنگ ورزش)

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﻤﻪﮔﯿﺮﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎی ورزﺷﯽ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان اﯾﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 6300 داﻧﺶآﻣﻮز دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴﺮ 16-12 ﺳﺎل درﺣﺎلﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ در ﻣﻘﻄﻊ راﻫﻨﻤﺎﯾﯽ، از ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎی ﺗﻬﺮان، ﮐﺮج، ﯾﺰد، ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد، ﺳﺎری، ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد، ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس، ﻣﺸﻬﺪ و ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﺪت ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎﯾﺸﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮم ﺟﻤﻊآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة آﯾﻨﺪهﻧﮕﺮ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و از ﺟﺪول ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﮥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ آﺳﯿﺐ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﭘﺴﺮ در 14 ﺳﺎﻟﮕﯽ (56/3 درﺻﺪ) و دﺧﺘﺮان در 13 ﺳﺎﻟﮕﯽ (32/4 درﺻﺪ) ﺑﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 457 ﻧﻔﺮ از داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان (10/42 درﺻﺪ) دﭼﺎر آﺳﯿﺐ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آﺳﯿﺐ در داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دﺧﺘﺮ (62/4 درﺻﺪ) در ﺧﺎرج از زﻧﮓ ورزش (35/4 درﺻﺪ) و در زﻣﺎن ﺣﻀﻮرﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ورزش (67 درﺻﺪ) روی داده ﺑﻮد، اﻣﺎ در داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﭘﺴﺮ، 45/4 درﺻﺪ از آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎ در زﻧﮓ ورزش و در ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ورزش (61/6 درﺻﺪ) اﺗﻔﺎق اﺗﻔﺎده ﺑﻮد. دﺧﺘﺮان در ﮐﻼسﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ در ﺧﻄﺮ آﺳﯿﺐدﯾﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ (49 درﺻﺪ)؛ ﺣﺎلآﻧﮑﻪ ﭘﺴﺮان در ﮐﻼسﻫﺎی ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ (39/6 درﺻﺪ). از ﻣﯿﺎن رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ورزﺷﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آﺳﯿﺐ در ﭘﺴﺮان در رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎل (69 درﺻﺪ) و ﻓﻮﺗﺴﺎل (11/6 درﺻﺪ) و در دﺧﺘﺮان در رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎی واﻟﯿﺒﺎل (17/2 درﺻﺪ) و ﻫﻨﺪﺑﺎل (4/7 درﺻﺪ) ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎ در ﮐﻼسﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ زﯾﺎد روی داده ﺑﻮد. داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان آﺳﯿﺐدﯾﺪه ﻫﯿﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﮥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ورزﺷﯽ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﮥ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎی ﭘﺴﺮان در زﻧﮓ ورزش و در دﺧﺘﺮان در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺘﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ از ورزشﮐﺮدن روی داده ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ورزش در ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ورزش و رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎی ورزﺷﯽ ﻣﻮردﻋﻼﻗﮥ آﻧﺎن و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ زﻣﺎن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی، در زﻣﺎن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ و ﻏﯿﺮورزش ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺟﻤﯿﺖ ﮐﻼسﻫﺎ ﺑﺘﻮان از آﺳﯿﺐ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی ﮐﺮد. اﺟﺮای راﻫﺒﺮدی ﺟﺎﻣﻊ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی ورزﺷﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻨﯽ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎی اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی ورزﺷﯽ ﺑﺮای ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮی از آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ.

Epidemiology of Sports and Falling Injuries in Iranian Boys and Girls student: (With Emphasis on Coach Role, Age, Class Capacity, Sports History, physical education courses time)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of sports injuries and falling in Iranian students at school and during physical education and physical activity at schools. In this study, 6,300 males and female 1216 yearold junior secondary students from Tehran, Karaj, Yazd, Khorramabad, Sari, Shahrekord, Bandar Abbas, Mashhad and Tabriz participated in the study. Their injuries were recorded in a prospective manner. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and crosstabulation were used to compare the variables according to gender. Most of the students’ injuries were for male at the age of 14 (56.3) and for girls at the age of 13 (32.4%). The findings showed that 457 (10.42%) of the students were injured that highest number of injuries occurred to female students (62.4%) outside the physical education course (35.4) and during the absence of the physical education teacher (67%), but in male students, 45.4% injuries occurred in physical education course during presence of a physical education teacher (61.6%). Girls in highpopulation classes were at higher risk of injury (49 percent), while boys were more likely to be injured in lowerpopulation classes (39.6). Among the various sports, the highest rate of injury in boys was in football (69%) and futsal (11.6%), and in girls were volleyball (17.2%) and handball (4/7 %). Most injuries occurred in crowded classes. Injured students have no history of exercise and they showed more damage with less experience. Most boys’ injuries occurred during exercise and for girls during nonexercise activities. It seems that by focusing on the presence of physical education teachers during sports hours and their favorite sports and increasing the activity time in the form of appropriate prevention programs during activity and nonsports, it is possible to prevent students from being harmed. Implementing a comprehensive and appropriate strategy, including appropriate sports activities for each age group, determining and controlling the potential risks of sports activities is very important to prevent injury.