طراحی و آزمون مدل مهاجرت ورزشی در ایران

هدف این پژوهش، طراحی و آزمون مدل مهاجرت ورزشی در ایران بود. روش تحقیق از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل افراد صاحب نظر در زمینه مهاجرت ورزشی (علمی، اجرایی مدیران، مربیان) بود. نمونه آماری به تعداد قابل‌کفایت برای مدل‌سازی در نرم‌افزار smartpls برآورد و با روش قضاوتی نمونه گیری انتخاب شد (178 نفر). ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه مستخرج از مرحله کیفی نظام‌مند بود. برای روایی ابزار از نظر متخصصان (روایی محتوایی) و شاخص های برازش مدل (پایایی و روایی سازه) استفاده شد. نتایج مدل‌سازی نشان داد که دافعه‌های کشور مبدا (با ضریب 0.22،) جاذبه‌های کشور مقصد (0.39)، شبکه رسانه‌ای محیطی (0.65) و تجارب پیشین مهاجرت (0.35) اثر معنا داری بر زمینه فردی مهاجرت دارند. زمینه فردی مهاجرت (0.60)، چارچوب سازمانی موجود (0.55) و خدمات مهاجرتی محیطی (0.35) اثر معنا داری بر گرایش به مهاجرت ورزشی دارند. گرایش به مهاجرت ورزشی بر پیامدهای مهاجرت ورزشی برای کشورها  (0.65) و بر پیامدها برای مهاجران (0.90)  اثر معناداری دارد. براساس نتایج می توان گفت که مهاجرت ورزشی برآیند عوامل اثرگذار سوق‌دهنده و بازدارنده است که براساس زمینه محیطی، گرایش فردی به مهاجرت را شکل می دهند که می تواند نتایج مختلف مثبت و منفی برای کشورهای مبدا و مقصد داشته باشد.

designing and testing a model of sport immigration in iran

background and purpose migration among developing countries and the third world is of greater volume, challenges, and importance, because these countries lose more capital in the process of international human capital flow, and their development is usually slowed down under the influence of this phenomenon. in addition, the situation of the economic crisis in iran and its motivation for migration has obvious differences with many crisis-stricken countries and with waves of migration because iran is under international sanctions and global access restrictions, which increases the intensity of the motivation for migration and complicates the conditions of migration. also, socially, the challenges and issues of iranian society (social behavior, demands, lifestyle, etc.) have some unique characteristics that require local examination. politically, the governance structure and domestic political atmosphere and foreign policy approach of iran are very different from many other countries. in addition, culturally, iran has high ethnic diversity, ideological background, different levels of values and ethics compared to many countries, all of which affect the tendency to migrate. finally, in terms of sports, for example, there are limitations for iranian athletes to participate in international arenas both from within the country and from abroad.a review of research shows that despite abundant research abroad and some sports research within the country, there is a significant gap in sports management research and studies in the academic and organizational space within the country regarding the increasing phenomenon of sports migration. based on scientific, media and organizational evidence, it seems that due to the fundamental differences between the cultural, social, economic and political conditions of countries like iran and many other countries, there is a significant difference in the factors affecting sports migration. in addition, many researchers in advanced countries have always suggested that in matters related to the local conditions of countries, it is better to conduct cross-cultural research so that information from different countries can be examined. in this regard, comprehensive, process-oriented and model-oriented research in sports management (such as this research) can have informational and framework applications in the fields of environmental assessment, organizational planning, media content creation, etc. therefore, due to the existence of such a gap in domestic studies in the field of sports and the lack of comprehensive and model-based research in examining the conditions and determining factors in sports migration, as well as paying attention to the types of sports migration, the present study focused on the following questions about the phenomenon of sports migration and sought to answer them: what factors affect sports migration? what is the framing and relationships between these factors? and finally, what is the conceptual model of the factors and relationships between them? materials and methodsconsidering the research topic, the research method was descriptive-correlational based on structural-conceptual modeling. the analyzed conceptual model is extracted from the qualitative part with an exploratory-systematic event (theme analysis), which could not be reported in this article due to the volume limitation. the statistical population of this research consisted of scientific and executive experts in the field of sports migration. a sufficient number of statistical samples were selected and consulted to test the model in a targeted and accessible manner (178 people). the selection criteria for the samples were based on the level of knowledge of the individuals about the research topic, career-sports experiences, education, and other characteristics related to the research topic. the questionnaire was distributed via email and social networks.