فرا تحلیلی بر تفاوت های جنسیتی در تصمیم گیری های اخلاقی

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻗﻀﺎوت ﻫﺎی اﺧﻼﻗﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ زﻧﺎن و ﻣﺮدان ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺑﺤﺚ و ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ و ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؛ و از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ اﺧﻼق و ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آن ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ آن در ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ از رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺟﺪا ﻧﺒﻮده و از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﮐﺎرﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ روی ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ و اﺧﻼق اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺑﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ و اﺑﻬﺎﻣﺎﺗﯽ را در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، روش از ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮاﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه و ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪه در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﺎی اﺧﻼﻗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ده ﺳﺎل اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﺎی اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ زﯾﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ(0/095) در ﺑﺎزه اول (0/2=d) و ﮐﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﮑﺎﯾﺖ از آن دارد ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎی ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺘﯽ در واﮐﻨﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد آﺳﯿﺐ در دﯾﮕﺮان اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﻫﻢ زﻧﺎن و ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮدان ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ از ﭘﺮدازش ﺧﻮد را درﮔﯿﺮ ﮐﺮده و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎ در ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺳﻦ، ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت، آﻣﻮزش،... از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ.

A meta-analysis on gender differences in ethical decision making

Introduction: The similarities and differences of moral judgements between men and women have always been controversial. Since ethics and its related areas are not separate from psychology, because of its importance in social and human interactions, it is also of great importance. For this reason, much research and empirical works have focused on gender differences and ethics, which has yielded various results and has created ambiguities. Therefore, the results of this research can be helpful in explaining these issues. Method: Regarding the purpose of the study, the method of the metaanalysis in this study includes all studies conducted and published on gender differences in ethical decisions that have been published in the last ten years. Results: The results suggest that although gender differences in emotional responses appear to be detrimental to others, both men and women engage in similar levels of processing in moral confrontation, and differences in factors, such as age, education, studies, and the like are more important.