وضعیت،ماهیت و تعهدات قراردادهای بازاریابی بین‌المللی در نظام حقوقی ایران

قراردادهای بازاریابی به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین ابزارهای تجارت بین‌الملل، نقش اساسی در توسعه و عرضه‌ محصولات به بازار ایفا می‌کنند. به موجب این قراردادها، طرفین با توافق بر محورهای اساسی قرارداد، بستری برای ساماندهی روابط تجاری و حقوقی خود فراهم می‌کنند. این قراردادها، با ایجاد تعهدات و اصولی خاص، ماهیت حقوقی ویژه‌ای دارند که در نظام‌های حقوقی مختلف مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. با وجود کاربرد گسترده این قراردادها، هنوز در نظام حقوقی ایران جایگاه دقیق و چارچوب مشخصی برای آن‌ها تعریف نشده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی وضعیت، ماهیت و تعهدات قرارداد بازاریابی در نظام حقوقی ایران است. در این راستا، تلاش می‌شود تا با بهره‌گیری از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و مطالعه تطبیقی ضمن تبیین مفاهیم و ساختار قراردادهای بازاریابی و تحلیل ماهیت آن‌ها، رابطه این نهاد با مبانی حقوق قراردادها در ایران نیز روشن شود. نتیجه این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که اگرچه قراردادهای بازاریابی با هیچ یک از نهادهای قراردادی موجود در حقوق ایران انطباق کامل ندارد، اما نظام حقوقی ایران ظرفیت پذیرش و شناسایی آن‌ها را به‌عنوان نهادی مستقل و منعطف داراست.

the status, legal nature, and obligations of international marketing contracts in the iranian legal system

in an era characterized by increasing economic globalization and cross-border commercial activities, international marketing contracts (imcs) have assumed a central role in shaping multinational business relationships.such contracts serve as the backbone for international expansion, enabling manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and agents to cooperate in a manner that efficiently aligns commercial objectives with legal protections.imcs encompass a range of agreements—including distribution, franchising, concession, and agency contracts—whereby one party (often the principal or supplier) entrusts another (the marketer or distributor) with developing, promoting, and marketing products or services to foreign markets.the importance of these contracts lies not merely in their commercial utility but in their ability to balance diverse interests, allocate risks, and delineate the scope of obligations in a manner that transcends national boundaries. however, the complex legal environment governing imcs presents distinct challenges, especially when parties are subject to divergent legal systems with varying levels of familiarity with international contractualnorms.within this global context, the iranian legal system stands at a juncture, grappling with the challenge of reconcilingtraditional contract classifications with the demands of contemporary commercial practice. although iranian civil law—rooted in a combination of roman-germanic traditions, islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), and indigenous legislative developments—offers a robust framework for the regulation of civil and commercial contracts, it has yet to establish a coherent doctrinal or statutory framework specifically tailored to imcs. as a result,parties entering into such agreements in or with iran must navigate a landscape marked by legal uncertainties,doctrinal ambiguities, and potential risks relating to the enforceability and legal status of marketing contracts.the ambiguity surrounding the legal nature and treatment of imcs in iranian law partially derives from their hybrid character. these contracts often lie at the intersection of multiple legal categories—such as sale, agency, services, and partnership—yet resist full assimilation into any one category. this hybrid nature, while reflecting commercial realities, complicates the classification process that is central to the operation of iranian contract law. moreover, traditional forms of contract recognized by the iranian civil code (such as bay’ [sale], ejareh [lease], wakalah [agency], and sherkat [partnership]) may not adequately accommodate the innovative arrangements and obligations typical of imcs.furthermore, the lack of explicit legislative or judicial guidance regarding imcs has practical consequences.businesses engaging in international marketing activities face uncertainties as to the predictability, validity, and enforceability of their agreements, raising concerns over risk allocation, dispute resolution, and the protection of rights and obligations. this uncertainty, in turn, may deter foreign investment and hinder iran’s integration into the global marketplace.accordingly, a comprehensive legal analysis of the status, nature, and obligations of imcs within the iranian legal system is both timely and necessary.