Review on renal cell carcinoma and pregnancy: A challenging situation

Renal cell carcinoma is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy. its management is a real challenge due to the sparse literature and lack of standard guidelines. in this situation,the diagnosis is often delayed as the clinical presentation might resemble other pregnancy-related disorders but it should be one of the diagnostic possibilities in women with recurrent or refractory urinary tract symptoms,renal pain,or mass that could be palpated. diagnostic approach may include ultrasound examination and sometimes magnetic resonance imaging. if localized,surgery would be the preferred line of treatment. other treatment modalities,end results of treatment,and review of literature of this rare association will be presented. © 2016