The impact of nanoparticles on forced convection in a serpentine microchannel

In this study heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of al2o3/water nanofluid in a serpentine microchannel is numerically investigated. a constant heat flux is applied on microchannel wall and a single-phase model has been adopted using temperature-dependent properties. the effects of pertinent factors such as reynolds number (re=10, 20, 50 and 100), particle volume fraction (??=0(distilled water), 2, 4 and 8%) and heat flux (q=5, 10 and 15 w/cm2), on the velocity and temperature field, average heat transfer coefficient (havg), pressure drop (?p), and thermal-hydraulic performance (?) are evaluated. the results show that the use of nanofluid causes increased velocity gradient near the wall which is more remarkable for ? = 8%. the results also reveal that the heat transfer rate increases as nanoparticle volume fraction and reynold number increase and a maximum value 51% in the average heat transfer coefficient is detected among all the considered cases when compared to basefluid (i.e., water). it is found that a higher heat flux leads to heat transfer enhancement and reduction in pressure drop. finally, thermal-hydraulic performance is calculated and it is seen that the best performance occurs for re =10 and ? = 4%.