Moving lids direction effects on MHD mixed convection in a two-sided lid-driven enclosure using nanofluid

Magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) mixed convection flow of cu–water nanofluid inside a two-sided lid-drivensquare enclosure with adiabatic horizontal walls and differentially heated sidewalls has been investigatednumerically. the effects of moving lids direction, variations of richardson number, hartmann number, andvolume fraction of nanoparticles on flow and temperature fields have been studied. the obtained results showthat for a constant grashof number ( 4 gr =10 ), the rate of heat transfer increases with a decrease in therichardson and hartmann numbers. furthermore, an increase of the volume fraction of nanoparticles mayresult in enhancement or deterioration of the heat transfer performance depending on the value of the hartmannand richardson numbers and the configuration of the moving lids. also, it is found that in the presence ofmagnetic field, the nanoparticles have their maximum positive effect when the top lid moves rightward and thebottom one moves leftward.