are phrases frozen? investigating lexical bundles in non-native and native reports in micusp

As one of the most prominent components of native-like language use, lexical bundles play a crucial role in academic texts. considering the amount of written language produced by writers, this study explored lexical bundles in non-native and native academic reports. to that end, 100 sample reports of non-native and native writers taken from the michigan corpus of upper-level student papers (micusp) were selected and analyzed to find non-native and native writers’ use of lexical bundles regarding frequency, structure, and function. results indicated that native writers generally used a more extensive variety of lexical bundles in their reports. regarding the structure of bundles, both non-native and native writers tended to employ more noun phrases with of-phrase fragments. in terms of the functions of bundles, both groups of writers tended to use more research-oriented bundles, followed by text-oriented and participant-oriented bundles, respectively. findings highlight the value of fixed expressions in producing coherent academic texts by proficient writers, hence their importance in materials design and second language instruction.  

are phrases frozen? investigating lexical bundles in non-native and native reports in micusp

as one of the most prominent components of native-like language use, lexical bundles play a crucial role in academic texts. considering the amount of written language produced by writers, this study explored lexical bundles in non-native and native academic reports. to that end, 100 sample reports of non-native and native writers taken from the michigan corpus of upper-level student papers (micusp) were selected and analyzed to find non-native and native writers’ use of lexical bundles regarding frequency, structure, and function. results indicated that native writers generally used a more extensive variety of lexical bundles in their reports. regarding the structure of bundles, both non-native and native writers tended to employ more noun phrases with of-phrase fragments. in terms of the functions of bundles, both groups of writers tended to use more research-oriented bundles, followed by text-oriented and participant-oriented bundles, respectively. findings highlight the value of fixed expressions in producing coherent academic texts by proficient writers, hence their importance in materials design and second language instruction.