بررسی مقابله‌ای استعاره‌های مفهومی شادی و ترس در ادبیات نوجوان در دو زبان فارسی و اسپانیایی: رویکردی شناختی

استعارۀ مفهومی از مباحث مهم در زبان‌شناسی شناختی است. در این رویکرد، اعتقاد بر این است که استعاره پدیده‌ای شناختی است و آنچه در زبان ظاهر می‌شود تنها نمود این پدیدۀ شناختی است. در پژوهش حاضر، سعی بر آن است که از میان مفاهیم بنیادین احساس (غم، شادی، ترس، خشم، عشق و شرم)، احساسات شادی و ترس با استفاده از روش کتابخآن‌های و مطالعۀ موردی هشت رمان نوجوان از دو نویسندۀ ایرانی (یک زن و یک مرد) و دو نویسندۀ اسپانیایی (یک زن و یک مرد) دو اثر از هر نویسنده موردتحلیل قرار گیرند و همچنین به مقایسۀ استعاره‌های مفهومی حوزه‌ها‌ی مقصد شادی و ترس در ادبیات نوجوان در زبآن‌های فارسی و اسپانیایی پرداخته شود. برای این منظور، استعاره‌های مفهومی شادی و ترس از هشت رمان منتخب استخراج شد و نام‌نگاشت و همچنین حوزۀ مبدا آن‌ها مشخص شد. در مرحلۀ بعد این نام‌نگاشت‌ها با هم مقایسه شدند و نقاط اشتراک و اختلاف آن‌ها مشخص شدند. در این رابطه بعضی از مفاهیم حوزه‌های مبدا مانند رنگ، تاثیرات فیزیولوژیکی و رفتاری، نور و تاریکی با جزئیات شرح داده شد و با تحلیل داده‌های به‌دست آمده، تاثیر جنسیت نویسنده و همچنین فرهنگ جامعه‌ای که در آن رشد یافته است در کمیت و کیفیت استفاده از استعاره‌های شادی و ترس بررسی شد.

A Comparative Study of Conceptual Metaphors of Joyness and Fear in Adolescent’s Literature: A Cognitive Approach

Conceptual metaphor is one of the most important topics on cognitive linguistics. This approach, believes that the metaphor is a cognitive phenomenon and what appears in the language is just an aspect of this cognitive phenomenon. In this research, we aim to analysis joyness and fear of eight teenage novels from two Iranian novelists (a man and a woman) and two Spanish novelists (a man and a woman) - two fictions from each writer - and compared conceptual metaphors on areas of destination for joyness and fear, in teenage literature in Persian and Spanish. We choose these feelings among the fundamental concepts of feeling (Sadness, joyness, fear, anger, love and shame). We used library method for this research. For this purpose, conceptual metaphors of joyness and fear were extracted from the eight selected novels and their conceptual namemapping and also origins were identified. On the next level, we compared these conceptual namemappings and were identified their points of sharing and differences. In this regard, some of the concepts of the origin area such as color, physiological and behavioral effects, light and darkness were described with details. The other main goal of this research is to investigating the impact of author #39;s gender on the quantity and quality of using metaphors of joyness and fear. The analysis of chosen corpus in Persian is shown that the most frequency of conceptual metaphors is related to ldquo;The Joyness is plant rdquo;, ldquo;The Joyness is light rdquo;, ldquo;The Joyness is The motion toward higher place or level rdquo;. Moreover, in the fear cognitive domain the data is shown that the most frequency is related to ldquo;the fear is motionless rdquo;, ldquo;the fear is fluid rdquo;, ldquo;the fear is building rdquo;. In addition, in Spanish the research is shown that The most frequency is dedicated to ldquo;the joyness is light rdquo;, ldquo;the joyness is direction, ldquo;the joyness is color rdquo;, the joyness is laughing rdquo;, ldquo;the joyness is singing rdquo;. Moreover, in Spanish ldquo;the fear is sweat rdquo;, ldquo;the fear is heart beat rdquo;, ldquo;The fear is the color face changing. So the similarities between Persian and Spanish conceptual metaphors is shown that these concepts are universal among languages1. IntroductionThe Conceptual metaphor is one of the most important topics on cognitive linguistics. This approach, believes that the metaphor is a cognitive phenomenon and what appears in the language is just an aspect of this cognitive phenomenon. In this research, we aim to analysis joyness and fear of eight teenage novels from two Iranian novelists (a man and a woman) and two Spanish novelists (a man and a woman) - two fictions from each writer - and compared conceptual metaphors on areas of destination for joyness and fear, in teenage literature in Persian and Spanish. We choose these feelings among the fundamental concepts of feeling (Sadness, joyness, fear, anger, love and shame). Research Question(s)1. What is the impact of author #39;s gender on the quantity and quality of using metaphors of joyness and fear in the chosen novels?2. Literature ReviewK ouml;vecses (1995) in his research, Language and Emotion Concepts, studied and compared the metaphors of fear and joyness. He mentioned that the metaphors of joyness are represented in the form of joyness is tempreture, joyness is animal and joyness is natural power.In addition, he pointed out there are similarities between these two mentioned conceptual cognitive domains.Ning Yu (1995) in his research presents a comparative study of metaphorical expressions of anger and happiness in Chinese and English . It demonstrates that English and Chinese share the same central conceptual metaphore ldquo;ANGER IS HEAT rdquo;. Similarly,both English and Chinse share the ldquo;UP rdquo;, ldquo;LIGHT rdquo;, CONTAINER rdquo; metaphors in their conceptualizations of happiness, although they differ in some other cases. 3. MethodologyThis research have been done in library method. For this purpose, conceptual metaphors of joyness and fear were extracted from the eight selected novels and their conceptual namemapping and also origins were identified. On the next level, The authors compared these conceptual namemappings and were identified their points of sharing and differences.4. ResultsThe analysis of chosen corpus in Persian is shown that the most frequency of conceptual metaphors is related to ldquo;The Joyness is plant rdquo;, ldquo;The Joyness is light rdquo;, ldquo;The Joyness is The motion toward higher place or level rdquo;. Moreover, in the fear cognitive domain the data is shown that the most frequency is related to ldquo;the fear is motionless rdquo;, ldquo;the fear is fluid rdquo;, ldquo;the fear is building rdquo;. In addition, in Spanish the research is shown that The most frequency is dedicated to ldquo;the joyness is light rdquo;, ldquo;the joyness is direction, ldquo;the joyness is color rdquo;, the joyness is laughing rdquo;, ldquo;the joyness is singing rdquo;. Moreover, in Spanish ldquo;the fear is sweat rdquo;, ldquo;the fear is heart beat rdquo;, ldquo;The fear is the color face changing. So the similarities between Persian and Spanish conceptual metaphors is shown that these concepts are universal among languages. ..