مقایسۀ توالی صفات در زبان‌های روسی و فارسی

یکی از عوامل مهم اثرگذار در ترجمۀ صحیح هر جمله و یا گروه واژه، رعایت توالی واژگان به کار رفته در آن است که بی توجهی به آن می تواند مفهوم جمله یا گروه واژه را به طور کامل تغییر دهد. در این پژوهش تلاش می شود بر اساس 320 نمونۀ جمع آوری شده از فرهنگ های روسی فارسی و همچنین پیکرۀ ملی زبان روسی، توالی صفات در سطح گروه‌واژه در زبان های روسی و فارسی بررسی و مقایسه شود. در پژوهش حاضر، درصدد یافتن پاسخ به این پرسش هستیم که توالی صفات در زبان روسی از چه قاعده ای پیروی می کند و آیا می توان الگوی ثابتی برای ترجمۀ آن ها از زبان روسی به زبان فارسی ارائه کرد؟ نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می تواند در بهبود روند ترجمه و آموزش آن از زبان روسی به فارسی و بالعکس اثرگذار باشد. تجزیه و تحلیل نمونه های جمع آوری شده نشان می دهد تنها در نیمی از موارد توالی صفات در زبان های روسی و فارسی دارای تطابق کامل هستند و در سایر نمونه ها ترجمۀ آن ها در زبان فارسی از الگوی ثابتی پیروی نمی کند.

Comparison of Adjectives Order in Russian and Persian Languages

Correct place and order of adjectives is one of the important factors affecting the correct translation of a word or a phrase. Not paying attention to the adjective order can completely change the meaning of a sentence or a phrase. In this study, based on 320 examples collected from RussianPersian dictionaries and the Russian National Corpus, The authors attempt to consider and compare the order of adjectives in Russian and Persian languages. In the present study, we are trying to answer the following questions : how is it possible to explain and describe the rule for adjective order in Russian language and is there a certain and constant model for their translation from Russian to Persian. The results of this study can be efficient for the improvement of the translation process as well as the training of translation from Russian to Persian and vice versa. The analysis of the collected examples indicates that only in half of the cases the order of adjectives in Russian and Persian languages is fully compatible, and in the other cases their translation from Russian to Persian does not follow a constant model.Paying attention to the rules of word order is one of the important issues when learning Russian language. Having a rich vocabulary by itself cannot be effective in correctly expressing of sentences. In many cases, when you change the place of words in a sentence, the meaning is changed completely as well. The position of various adjectives in relation to each other and in relation to the modified word in a sentence or phrase, as well as the preservation and transfer of this order when translating into Persian, is one of the main problems of nonnative students and translators.In this study, based on 320 examples collected from RussianPersian dictionaries Voskanyan, G. A., Ovchinnikova, I. K. Mirzabeigyan Zh. M. and the Russian National Corpus, the authors attempt to consider and compare the order of adjectives with focus on the modified word in Russian language and the way of their translation and transfer to Persian language. So far, no study has examined the order of adjectives in Russian and Persian language in a comparative manner.The aim of the present study is to provide a specific rule for the order of adjectives in Russian, as well as to study and compare the degree of correspondence or inconsistency of this order when translating into Persian.The analysis of the collected materials shows that in the Russian language adjectives come before a noun, pronominal adjectives are used before qualitative and relative adjectives and qualitative adjective comes before relative adjective. In cases where a phrase consists of two relative adjectives or two qualitative adjectives, the closest adjective to the noun expresses the attribute of the noun more than the others. Also, the analysis of the collected translation examples indicates that only in half of the cases the order of adjectives in Russian and Persian languages is fully compatible, and in the other cases their translation from Russian to Persian does not follow a constant model. The results of this research can be effective in improving the process of translation and teaching it from Russian to Persian and vice versa.