اصطلاحات خویشاوندی و خطاب‌واژه‌هایِ گویش نَنَّجی

در این مقاله، کاربرد اصطلاحات خویشاوندی و خطاب واژه ها در گویش نَنَّجی بررسی و تحلیل شده است. این گویش، زبان مردم روستای نَنَّجِ شهرستان ملایر است. داده های پژوهش که به روش میدانی و در گفتگویِ مشارکتی با گویشورانِ نَنَّجی گردآوری شده اند، در چهار بخش تحلیل شده اند: اصطلاحات مربوط به خویشاوندان نسبی، اصطلاحات مربوط به خویشاوندان سببی، اصطلاحات خویشاوندی رضاعی و خویشاوندی ناشی از »عقد اُخوت «، خطاب واژه های مربوط به غیرخویشاوندان. این پژوهش نشان می دهد که اصطلاحات خویشاوندی و خطاب واژه های گویش ننجی متنوع و غنی هستند. در عین حال دگرگونیِ مناسبات و پیوندهای خانوادگی و اجتماعی، مهاجرت و شهرنشینی موجب کم کاربرد یا مهجور و منسوخ شدن شمار زیادی از اصطلاحات خویشاوندی و خطاب واژه های این گویش و جایگزین شدن آنها با اصطلاحات رایج در فارسی معیار شده است. این امر نمونۀ روشنی است از حرکت گویش ها و زبان های ایران در مسیر هَم سانی.

Kinship Terms and Terms of Address in Nænæji Dialect

In this article, which is a descriptive - analytical research, and the first research done about N aelig;n aelig;ji dialect, the use of kinship terms and terms of address in this dialect is studied. This dialect is spoken in village of N aelig;n aelig;j, in Malayer County, Iran. N aelig;n aelig;ji can be considered as a variety of Persian being influenced by Lori, Laki, and Kurdish languages.In ldquo;introduction rdquo;, some basic points about the research and its goals are presented; then the village of N aelig;n aelig;j is briefly introduced; and finally the main questions of the research are presented as:Concerning age degree of the informants, what kinds of changes can be seen in use of kinship terms and terms of address in N aelig;n aelig;ji dialect, in recent decades? What are the causes of change in kinship terms and terms of address of N aelig;n aelig;ji dialect?The data, gathered in a field work and through network participation in the language community, are analyzed in four separate categories: kinship terms coming from consanguinity, kinship terms coming from affinity, kinship terms coming from RAḌᾹ and brotherhood formula (based on Islamic jurisprudence or Fiqh), and address terms for nonrelatives. Data have been analyzed through using concepts and terms of George Peter Murdock and Lewis Henry Morgan. In other words, partly, this research is based on what Murdock and Morgan have said about kinship terms in different languages of the worlds.In ldquo;review of the literature rdquo;, a number of researches done about the use of kinship terms in different Iranian languages, namely Persian, Kurdish and Gilaki, are reviewed, to show that the present research can complete the researches done in this field.This research reveals, among the rest, that N aelig;n aelig;ji has a rich array of kinship terms and terms of address. Also, analysis of N aelig;n aelig;ji kinship terms coming from consanguinity, N aelig;n aelig;ji kinship terms coming from affinity, N aelig;n aelig;ji kinship terms coming from RAḌᾹ, and N aelig;n aelig;ji address terms for nonrelatives, shows that in using all of them we see deep changes in recent decades; in a way that decrease in variety of kinship terms and address terms of the dialect is something clear. In fact, in recent decades, N aelig;n aelig;ji kinship terms have moved towards missing distinctions based on age, disappearance of derivative and descriptive terms, and accepting standard Persian rsquo;s norms and terms.The research also reveals that today in N aelig;n aelig;ji, the use of some of the kinship terms and terms of address is restricted to middle and old age groups. It also indicates that change in community relationships and family structure, migration and urbanization are the causes of N aelig;n aelig;ji kinship terms and terms of address become obsolete and even extinct; and the standard Persian equivalent substitute them. This is a clear example of dialect levelling in Iran.