بررسی فرایند‌های واجی در زبان روسی و مقایسۀ آن‌ها با فرایندهای واجی در زبان فارسی

در پژوهش حاضر، با تکیه بر روش توصیفی تحلیلی به بررسی برخی فرایند های واجی پر بسامد در زبان روسی و مقایسۀ آن ها با آنچه در زبان فارسی رخ می دهد، همت گمارده شده است. فرایند های واجی عبارت اند از تاثیر گذاری ها و تاثیر پذیری های واج های مجاور در کلمات یک زبان که البته، این فرایندها می‌توانند در واج های غیرمجاور و گاهی بین دو کلمه نیز اتفاق بیفتند. این فرایند ها در تمامی زبان های دنیا بسته به ویژگی های آوایی خاص آن ها با بسامد کم تر یا بیشتر رخ می دهند. در این مقاله، ابتدا برخی از فرایند های واجی پر بسامد در زبان روسی توصیف و سپس به بررسی فرایند مشابه در زبان فارسی پرداخته می‌شود. هدف این تحلیل آن است که با بررسی و مقایسۀ دقیق فرایند های واجی دو زبان به مسئلۀ تحقیق که یافتن شباهت ها و تفاوت ها در فرایند های واجی دو زبان است، پاسخ دهیم. بسیاری از فرایندهای واجی مانند همگونی صامت ها، قلب، ناهمگونی صامت ها در زبان روسی و فارسی به صورت مشابه رخ می دهند؛ ولی برخی از آن ها همانند فرایند واجی »همگونی صامت ها در نرمی « و »حذف میانی صامت « در زبان فارسی به دلیل ویژگی های آوایی خاص این زبان، امکان وقوع ندارند.

Investigating Phonological Processes in Russian and their Comparison with Phonological Processes in Persian

In this research, based on a descriptiveanalytical method, some quasifrequency phonological processes in Russian are investigated and compared with what is happening in Persian. Phonological processes are the effects of neighboring phonemes in words of a language, although these processes can occur in unpolluted phonemes and sometimes between the two words. One of the most important and complex topics studied in phonology is phonological processes. Each of these processes may be more frequent in one language than another, or, depending on the particular phonetic features of a language, it may not be possible a phonological process or particular type of a phonological process. These processes occur in fewer or more frequencies depending on their specific phonetic features in all languages ​​of the world. The questions we are looking for in this article are: What are the phonological processes of Russian and Persian languages? Despite the phonetic differences between the Russian and Persian languages, are there similarities between the phonological processes of these two languages? What are the differences between the phonological processes of these two languages? The research hypothesis is that phonological processes in Russian and Persian languages are not fully compatible. In this article, first, some of the phonological processes are described in Russian, and then the same process is examined in Persian language. The purpose of this analysis is to answer the research question that finds similarities and differences in phonological processes in two languages ​​by studying and comparing the exact phonological processes of the two languages. Many phonological processes, such as the ldquo;assimilation rdquo;, the ldquo;metathesis rdquo;, ldquo;dissimilation rdquo; in the Russian and Persian languages, are similar, but some of them, like ldquo;assimilation of soft consonants rdquo; and ldquo;dieresis rdquo; in Persian due to its specific phonetic features can rsquo;t be occur. The phonological process of ldquo;vowel and Consonant harmony with manner of articulation rdquo; in Persian is examined in the section ldquo;assimilation rdquo; and is known as ldquo;consonant assimilation rdquo; and ldquo;vowel assimilation rdquo; in the Persian language, whereas in Russian since vowels and consonants refer to sounds of different types and to the end, as a rule, they cannot be assimilated to each other and the term ldquo;assimilation rdquo; cannot be applied to them. The phonological process of ldquo;regressive assimilation of soft consonants rdquo; that occurs in Russian is not possible in Persian because there are fifteen pairs of hard and soft consonants in Russian (thirty consonants in total) and some paired hard consonants become soft in specific situations; but in Persian, there is no paired soft consonant with their hard counterparts.