شبکۀ معنایی «عَلَی» در گفتمان قرآنی برمبنای نظریۀ پیش‌نمونه

حروف جارّه از واژگان چندمعنی و بسیار انعطاف پذیر در زبان قرآن به شمار می آیند و دارای مفاهیم گسترده ای هستند. خداوند از این ویژگی به بهترین وجه برای افادۀ مقصود خود کمک گرفته است. مسلماً کاربست نظریۀ پیش نمونه در تحلیل معنیِ کانونی و معانی شعاعیِ این حروف می تواند شبکۀ معنایی منسجمی برای هر یک از آن ها به دست دهد. بر این اساس، نوشتار حاضر سعی دارد تا با کاربست نظریۀ پیش گفته و با تکیه بر روش توصیفی تحلیلی، معانی گوناگون حرف جر »علی « را در گفتمان قرآنی تبیین، و جهان بینی حاکم بر آن ها را استخراج کند. بررسی داده های قرآنی بر این نکته اذعان دارد که معنی کانونی حرف جرّ »علّی «، »استعلاء « است. این معنی، هستۀ مرکزی شبکۀ معنایی منسجمی به شمار می رود که از دوازده معنی شعاعی در دو خوشۀ معنایی (توافقی و تقابلی) مبتنی بر معنای نخست تشکیل شده است. گفتنی است با استفاده از الگوی شناختی پیش نمونه، نیابت »علی « از حروف جارۀ »مِن «، »فی «، »باء « و »لام « در گفتمان قرآنی مخدوش شد.

Semantic Network of Preposition “On” in Quranic Discourse Based on Prototype Theory

1 IntroductionPrepositions are amongst the multimeaning and very flexible words in the language of the Quran with extensive concepts. It is clear that God has bestowed on this attribute to convey his purpose. The application of the prototype theory to the analysis of the focal meaning and the radial meanings of these letters can certainly provide a coherent semantic network for each of them. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explain the focal meaning of the word on as one of the most widely used letters in the Quran with a cognitive approach. This will be achieved after identifying the trajectory and the Landmark which proves the existence of a coherent network of concepts that are linked to the prototype.2. Questions and hypothesesThe most important questions and hypotheses of this research are:1. What is the focal meaning and radial meanings of On in Quranic discourse?2. How the relationship between the focal meaning and the radial meanings of ldquo;On rdquo; in the form of a meaningful network can be explained?3. How the contrast between traditional and cognitive look at the Prepositions of the story is explained?The hypotheses are as follows: The focal meaning of ldquo;On rdquo;, as in traditional sources, is superiority . The focal meaning of superiority is the core of the semantic network of the word On . Other distinct meanings of On are connected to the central core with the help of two compromise and contradictory clusters. The semantic network model in the cognitive perspective has confirmed the multidimensional problem of letters in classical sources, but the example template points out that the radial meanings of a letter must be coherent with a focal meaning. According to this model, existence of a letter instead of another letter is rejected because of its lack of semantic communication.3. Research InnovationWhat distinguishes this study from the views of traditional trainers is that modern linguistics for each of the superscripts considers a central or focal meaning that is called the supreme example, and another meaning that is related to this sense, is in fact its expanded or metaphorical meaning. They create a coherent semantic network for each of these letters. However, in the traditional perspective, there is no coherence between the meanings for a term with its initial meaning.4 MethodBased on the belief that the prepositions are a rich source in the methodological understanding and interpretation of the Quran, the present study seeks to rely on a descriptiveanalytical method regarding the multidimensional theory of these letters by considering the basic elements of this approach such image schema, prototype pattern, trajectory and landmark .The semantic network provides a coherent semantic meaning for this letter in the Quranic verses.5 Results and DiscussionThe Quranic data review points out that the focal meaning of the Jar letter 'On', is 'superiority'. This meaning is the central core of a coherent semantic network, consisting of twelve radial meanings in two semantic clusters (compromise and contradictory) based on the first meaning. It should be noted that, using the cognitive model of the prototype, replacement of On into the Prepositions men , fi , baa and laam in the Quranic discourse was distorted.