دانشمند، سیاستمدار و سیاستگذار؛ گذر از دو گانه‌ کلاسیک افلاطونی- وبری

اﻓﻼﻃﻮن، در ﺟﻤﻬﻮری، ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻣﺪار ﺷﻬﺮ آرﻣﺎتی ﺧﻮد را از ﻃﺒقه داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﺮد. ﺑﺮای وی، دو ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ و داﻧﺶ وﺣﺪتی ﺑﻨﻴﺎدﻳﻦ دارﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع درﺳﺖ درﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺎﻛﺲ وﺑﺮ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎس و ﻣﺘﻔﻜﺮ آﻟﻤﺎنی ﻗﺮن ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ، ﻗﺮار دارد؛ ﭼﺮاﻛﻪ، ﺑﻪزﻋﻢ وی، اﻳﻦ دو ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﻳﺖﻫﺎ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ، و ﻣﻨﻄﻖﻫﺎی رﻓﺘﺎری ﻣﺘﻔﺎوتی دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪﻫﻴﭻوﺟﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺪان ﻳﻚدﻳﮕﺮ وارد ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای وی، ﻧﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻴﺪان ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺪانی ﺑﺮای داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺣﻘﻴقی. اﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﭗ اﻳﺪﺋﺎل از داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪی و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻣﺪاری، ﻛﻪ در ﻧﺴﺒتی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻧﺰد اﻓﻼﻃﻮن و وﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ، دوﮔﺎﻧﻪای را ﭘﺪﻳﺪ آورده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ذﻳﻞ دوﮔﺎنه ﺳﻨﺖ ﻣﺪرﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻓﻬﻢ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر درﺻﺪد اﺳﺖ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻣﺪار در اﻧﺪﻳﺸه‌ اﻓﻼﻃﻮن و وﺑﺮ، ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﻦ دو میﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ راﺑﻄﻪای ﻣﻌﻘﻮل داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮای اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر، ﺑﺎ اﻗﺘﺒﺎس از« ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎر» اﻓﻼﻃﻮن در رﺳﺎله‌ ﻣﺮد ﺳﻴﺎسی وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻮمی ﺑﻪﻧﺎم ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬار و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاری ﻣﺘﺼﻮر ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ میﺗﻮاﻧﺪ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه از دوﻟﺖ، ﻫﻢﭼﻮن ﻣﺘﺮﺟمی ﺑﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ دو ﻗﻠﻤﺮو رﻓﺖوآﻣﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻗﻮت ﻻزم ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﻴﺪان را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد.

scientist, politician, and policymaker: transcending the classical platonic-weberian dichotomy

in the republic, plato selects the politician of his utopia from the class of scientists (philosophers), asserting a fundamental unity between the realms of politics and knowledge. this perspective stands in stark contrast to that of max weber, the twentieth-century german sociologist and thinker, who argues that these two figures possess distinct missions, responsibilities, and behavioral logics, insisting they must never encroach upon one another's domains. for weber, the university is not an arena for politics, nor is politics a field for true academics. these ideal types of scientist and politician, defined through contrasting relations by plato and weber, have fostered a dichotomy that is also intelligible within the tradition-modernity dualism. this article aims to define the scientist and the politician within the thought of plato and weber, while demonstrating how a rational relationship can be established between the two. to achieve this, by drawing upon plato's concept of the statesman in the politicus, a third status—namely the policymaker and policy-making institutions—is envisioned. this entity can function as a translator navigating between the two realms, ensuring the independence of the scientist and the university from the state, while simultaneously providing the necessary vigor and insight for both fields.