دوقلوهای دو انقلاب جامعه‌شناسی حقوقی دین و دانش در ایران و فرانسه

دولت‌ها درخصوص حقوق طبیعی افراد متعهدند. حق بر دین و حق بر دانش،‌ دو حق طبیعی شهروندان است. این دو، از موضوعات حقوق اساسی دو انقلاب ایران و فرانسه‌اند. در وقوع دو انقلاب، به‌نوعی سلبی یا ایجابی، ایمان و ایدئولوژی از چنان اهمیتی برخوردار بوده است که پس از انقلاب، ساحت‌های مختلفی را تحت‌تاثیر قرار داده است. مفروض این تحقیق آن است که سامان سیاسی و حقوقی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (با رویکرد دین‌گرا) و جمهوری لائیک فرانسه (با رویکرد دین‌گریز) درعمل با محوریت معرفت دینی شکل گرفته است. فرضیۀ نوشتار آن است که انقلاب‌های 1789 و 1979، یکی برضد دین و دیگری به سود دین، بر مقولۀ فرهنگ و دانش عمومی تاثیر مشابه و قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای گذاشته‌اند. در این میان، توجه به نقش محوری تعهدات قانونی دولت در تقویت یا تقلیل هزینۀ شهروند مومن توضیحی دربارۀ حدود این تاثیر در وضع حاضر است.

the twin revolutions legal sociology of religion and science in iran and france

governments have commitments with respect to the natural rights of individuals. the right to religion and the right to knowledge are two of the citizens’ natural rights which can be defined in compliance with the constitution. hence, religion and knowledge are among the subject matters of fundamental rights in the iranian as well as the french revolution. each of the two revolutions has enjoyed the concept of faith and ideology to such an extent that they have influenced various areas and arenas after the revolution. therefore, this paper is based on the hypothesis that the two revolutions of 1789 and 1979, one being against religion and the other for it, have had similar impacts on culture and in particular public understanding. in this regard, paying attention to the central role of the state commitments in strengthening and reducing the costs of a believer citizen can serve as an explanation concerning the extent of such impact in the present situation.keywords: iran, france, law, religion, education, laïcité.governments have commitments with respect to the natural rights of individuals. the right to religion and the right to knowledge are two of the citizens’ natural rights which can be defined in compliance with the constitution. hence, religion and knowledge are among the subject matters of fundamental rights in the iranian as well as the french revolution. each of the two revolutions has enjoyed the concept of faith and ideology to such an extent that they have influenced various areas and arenas after the revolution. therefore, this paper is based on the hypothesis that the two revolutions of 1789 and 1979, one being against religion and the other for it, have had similar impacts on culture and in particular public understanding. in this regard, paying attention to the central role of the state commitments in strengthening and reducing the costs of a believer citizen can serve as an explanation concerning the extent of such impact in the present situation.