پدیدارشناسی مضامین تجربه‌ی زیسته ی مادرانگی در موسیقی فولکلور شرق خراسان

موسیقی را هنر بیان احساسات به وسیله‌ی آوا‌ها گفته‌اند که مهم‌ترین عوامل آن صدا و ریتم هستند؛ زیرا که موسیقی صرفاً اصواتی به هم پیوسته نیست، بلکه قادر است مایه‌هایی برای ذهن فراهم آورد. هدف این پژوهش بازنمایی تجربه‌ی زیسته‌ی مادرانه‌ی زنان هنرمند با گوش دادن به موسیقی شرق خراسان است. در این مطالعه با رهیافتی پدیدارشناسی، با11زن موسیقی‌دان و مدرس موسیقی که به شیوه‌ی نمونه‌گیری ملاکی و با بیشینه‌ی پراکنش در سطح شهر مشهد در زمستان 1402 انتخاب شده بودند، مصاحبه‌ای نیمه‌ساختارمند درباره‌ی تجربه‌ی جهان درونی‌شان پس از گوش فرادادن به موسیقی فولکور شرق خراسان انجام شد. سپس روایت مشارکت‌کنندگان با روش کلایزی و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار maxqda تحلیل شد. روایت مشارکت‌کنندگان نشان می‌دهد هنگامی که به موسیقی فولکلور شرق خراسان گوش فرا می‌دهند، سه مضمون مادرانگی ‌امید و آرزو برای فرزندان، اضطراب و نگرانی برای آن‌ها و احساس شادمانی نسبت به فرزندان را تجربه می‌کنند. موسیقی فولکلور شرق خراسان امید بخش مادران نسبت آینده فرزندانشان (ازدواج، استقلال و خودمختاری و...) و بازتاب دل‌نگرانی‌های آنها در مورد سلامت، تربیت و غم دوری از آنهاست. برخی از مادران مشارکت‌کننده نیز از اینکه در مادری کردن موفق بودند و فرزندان خود را رشد دادند، شادمانی را تجربه می‌کنند. غنای موسیقیایی به تجارب درونی افراد وابسته است. بنابراین لازم است جنبه‌ی کارکرد‌های روان‌شناختی، زیبایی‌شناختی و معناگرایی موسیقی مد نظر قرار گیرد.

a phenomenological study of lived experiences of motherhood in the folk music of east khorasan

introductionthe concept of motherhood has undergone significant changes and transformations over time. archaeological evidence presented by malinowski highlights that, in early civilizations, motherhood formed the foundation of family structures, with mothers being central to child-rearing and caregiving. in contrast, fathers held marginal and relatively insignificant roles in these early family systems (mohammadi mohammadi, 2021, p. 232). however, contemporary trends have shifted dramatically. today, women have greater autonomy and the ability to choose whether to embrace motherhood (omidvar tehrani et al., 2021, p. 1026).modern perspectives regard motherhood as a social category shaped by the cultural and societal positioning of women. according to recent theories, motherhood is influenced by the cultural constructs surrounding women, with art playing a significant role in this dynamic. art not only reflects a woman’s individuality and independence but also shapes and is shaped by her experiences (amidipour, rajablo bastani, 2024, p. 322). for instance, art can portray the distinctiveness of a mother’s perspective, enhancing her quality of life, while also serving as a medium for artists to embed themes of motherhood in their work. this influence is evident in how the creative output of female artists often transforms before and after they become mothers (khaleq panah, mirzavandian rahimi, 2018, p. 73).in this study, the focus is on music, specifically the folk music of east khorasan, as a form of art that embodies and expresses these cultural narratives. by employing a phenomenological approach, this research aims to explore and identify the themes emerging from women’s lived experiences of motherhood as reflected in the region’s folk music.methodthis research employs a phenomenological approach to identify common themes and sub-themes within the intersubjective experiences of individuals who, firstly, have musical expertise and, secondly, are mothers. the primary objective is to describe and analyze the shared experiences of the participants. phenomenology is particularly well-suited for this purpose, as it facilitates a deeper understanding of people’s lived experiences by exploring their thoughts, emotions, and underlying systems. additionally, it considers both the visible and hidden aspects of the phenomenon under investigation—in this case, folk music. the study aims to uncover the collective meaning participants assign to their ‘conceptual encounter’ with motherhood. furthermore, it seeks to represent and analyze their narratives and perceptions of motherhood. to achieve this, the research follows colaizzi’s seven-step method for phenomenological analysis. semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 female musicians and music teachers from the city of mashhad during the winter of 2024. participants were selected using a stratified sampling method to ensure maximum diversity within the group. the interviews focused on exploring participants’ inner world experiences after engaging with the folk music of east khorasan. the narratives collected during these interviews were then analyzed using maxqda software to extract themes and insights. findingsthe findings reveal that the motherhood experiences of female musicians influenced by the folk music of east khorasan are shaped by various factors, including age, education level, academic field, child’s gender, marital status, and child’s age. the narratives of the participants confirm that these external variables significantly impact their perceptions and experiences of motherhood. a key focus of this research was to analyze and represent the participants’ experiences of motherhood. the women’s perceptions of motherhood were closely tied to their musical experiences. many participants believed that east khorasan’s folk music contains themes related to motherhood, which, in turn, influence their personal experiences of being mothers while listening to this music.