مطالعه‌ی جامعه‌شناختی رابطه عوامل اقتصادی با میزان مشارکت سیاسی شهروندان بالای 25 سال در شهرستان اسفراین

تاریخ حیات انسان تاریخ همکاری و مشارکت است. زمانی که انسان دریافت با تجمیع توان خود می‌تواند بر مشکلات فائق آید، مشارکت زاده شد. مشارکت عبارت است از حضور و دخالت آگاهانه، داوطلبانه، متعهدانه و خلاق اقشار مختلف جامعه در تصمیم‌گیری، برنامه‌ریزی، تامین منابع، اجرا و نظارت بر فعالیت‌‌ها به منظور بهره‌مندی از منابع مادی و معنوی آن‌‌ها. مشارکت سیاسی یکی از ابعاد مهم مشارکت است که مشروعیت سیاسی، توسعه، پیشرفت و کارآمدی هر کشور در گرو آن است و کاهش آن در برنامه‌ریزی‌های اساسی برای اداره‌ی جامعه و ثبات و سازماندهی اجتماعی اختلال ایجاد می‌کند و با ایجاد تنش‌‌ها و بحران‌‌ها از انجام برنامه‌های توسعه‌ی اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی ممانعت به عمل می‌آورد؛ بنابراین، تلاش در جهت تحقق هر چه بیشتر آن از اهم امور است که نیاز به شناخت و مطالعه‌ی علمی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر آن دارد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش مطالعه‌ی نقش عوامل اقتصادی افراد بر میزان مشارکت سیاسی آنان است. تحقیق حاضر به روش پیمایشی و با مطالعه بر روی نمونه‌ی متشکل از 383 نفر از افراد بالای 25 سال ساکن در شهرستان اسفراین که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای انتخاب ‌شدند، انجام‌ گرفته است. یافته‌های تحقیق حاکی از آن است که  وضعیت اقتصادی بر مشارکت سیاسی تاثیرگذار است و هر چه وضعیت اقتصادی افراد بهتر باشد، میزان مشارکت سیاسی آنان بیشتر است؛ اما بین پایگاه اقتصادی - اجتماعی افراد و مشارکت سیاسی آنان رابطه‌ی معناداری یافت نگردید.  همچنین یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد شغل، تحصیلات و جنسیت  افراد نیز بر میزان مشارکت سیاسی اثرگذار است.

a sociological study of economic factors and their relationship with political participation among citizens aged 25 and over in esfarayen

introduction participation is a kind of belief and a prerequisite for any successful project or program aimed at improving people’s lives and fostering social development. many scholars and social science experts have identified political participation as one of the elements of development, considering the comprehensive political involvement of the people to be synonymous with development; hence, political participation is a significant parameter in most national and international planning efforts. this study suggests that both the motivation and capacity for political participation stem from fundamental non-political institutions that shape individuals’ lives. given the crucial and fundamental role of the economy in human life and in shaping individuals’ behaviors—particularly their political behavior—this research examines the impact of economic factors on the political participation of individuals aged 25 and over in the city of esfarayen. the goal is to use the results of this study to devise strategies that deepen the spirit of political participation among members of society, thereby creating the necessary conditions for this involvement that contribute to the development, progress, and stability of the community. according to theoretical perspectives, economic conditions and individuals’ class positions can influence their participation levels. therefore, there is a meaningful relationship between an individual’s economic status and political participation. numerous studies have been conducted regarding the relationship between political participation and socioeconomic status. the area of this study is the city of esfarayen, located in north khorasan, which presents a new case in the body of existing research.methodology considering the objectives of the research, its general approach is quantitative, and its method is survey-based. a questionnaire technique was employed for data collection. the validity of the questionnaire was established through content validity with the assistance of expert opinions. for this purpose, the questionnaire was reviewed by several professors, and adjustments were made based on the insights provided by specialists. to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, cronbach’s alpha coefficient was utilized. the cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the political participation variable with 18 items was 0.716, and for the socioeconomic status variable with 12 items—encompassing education level, job title, living conditions, housing price, car price, average monthly family income, father’s education level, mother’s education level, father’s occupation, mother’s occupation, average monthly family expenses, and residential area—it was 0.725. the statistical population consists of all individuals over 25 years old residing in the city of esfarayen, totaling 59,490 according to the latest population and housing census in 2016. based on cochran’s formula, a sample size of 382 was derived for this study. to ensure generalizability, 400 questionnaires were distributed, of which 17 were invalid, leaving 383 questionnaires available for analysis. findingsthe descriptive results of the present study indicate the following: in the background variables of the research, 45% of the sample studied are male and 55% are female.