آثار اقتصادی-اجتماعی وقف در توسعه ی فضای روستایی (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان خوسف)

نهاد وقف در همه‌ی جوامع به‌ویژه در جوامع مسلمان‌نشین می‌تواند گره‌گشای بسیاری از مشکلات باشد. وقف علاوه‌بر کاهش هزینه‌های عمومی روستا، سبب تقویت روحیه‌ی مذهبی مردم و شکل‌گیری اماکن عمومی و مذهبی می‌گردد و می‌تواند به توسعه‌ی پایدار در نواحی روستایی نیز کمک کند؛ بنابراین ترویج فرهنگ وقف در بین مردم در برنامه‌ریزی‌های توسعه‌ی روستایی جایگاه ویژه‌ای دارد. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی اثرات اقتصادی و اجتماعی وقف در توسعه‌ی فضاهای روستایی در شهرستان خوسف در استان خراسان جنوبی پرداخته است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و بر مبنای ماهیت و روش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- تحلیلی است.روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به کمک پرسش‌نامه محقق ساخته بوده و برای سنجش میزان اعتبار پرسش‌نامه از آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده است. جامعه‌ی آماری شامل 1740 خانوار ساکن در 17 روستای شهرستان است که دارای بیشترین تعداد رقبات وقفی هستند. حجم نمونه از طریق فرمول کوکران 266 خانوار برآورد گردید. برای آزمون فرضیه‌های پژوهش از آزمون‌های تی تک نمونه‌ای و دو جمله‌ای در محیط نرم‌افزار  spss استفاده شده است. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان می‌دهد که به‌طور کلی وقف بر  بهبود شاخص‌های اقتصادی، نوسازی و بهسازی مکان‌های عمومی برای خانوارهای روستایی تاثیر زیادی داشته است. در بُعد اجتماعی، وقف گسترش روحیه‌ی خیرخواهی و امانت‌داری و تقویت روحیه‌ی دینداری خانوارها،‌ و ایجاد اماکن عام‌المنفعه و نگهداری از آن را سبب شده است.

the socioeconomic impact of endowment on rural development: a case study of khusf county

introductionpromoting the culture of charitable endowment (known as waqf in iran and the islamic tradition) and ensuring its continuity is crucial for future generations to benefit from the socioeconomic effects of this phenomenon, which is considered one of the key factors in achieving sustainable development goals. the longstanding and noble tradition of endowment is an essential pillar of the economy, society, religion, and culture in islamic communities. throughout history, this tradition has played a significant role in advancing public welfare, and improving the quality of life for muslims, particularly by promoting knowledge, culture and islamic education among muslim nations. from a geographical worldview, the endowment institution has various economic, social, and cultural functions. it has always been regarded as a tool for addressing socioeconomic challenges, reducing poverty and class disparities, and expanding social and economic welfare. investment in public welfare through endowment contributes to a balanced distribution of wealth and is a key factor in wealth concentration within society. this study aims to investigate the socioeconomic effects of the endowment institution from the perspective of beneficiary households in rural settlements with the highest endowments. the paper addresses this research question:to what extent has endowment influenced the economic and social conditions of rural areas?research methodology this research is applied and descriptive, using a survey approach. the statistical population includes rural areas in khusf county that have the highest endowments. according to the latest census data (2015), khusf county has a population of 27,600, equivalent to 7,492 households. the study’s target population consists of 17 villages with a total of 1,740 households, which account for the majority of endowments in the county. the sampling method at the village level was non-probabilistic and purposive, while at the household level, simple random non-probabilistic sampling was used.after determining the sample size, questionnaires were distributed and completed based on the proportion of households in each village. the questionnaire was researcher-designed, and the items were in the form of a 5-point likert scale, covering two areas: the impact of endowment on the economic status and its impact on the social status of rural households. the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in rural planning and development, and cronbach’s alpha was used to ensure the reliability of the measurement tool. since the obtained values for both the economic and social components were greater than 0.7, the variables of the study were considered reliable. descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation) were used to analyze the data, and to test the research hypotheses, non-parametric binomial tests and one-sample t-tests were employed. findingsthe frequency distribution of respondents’ views on the economic impacts of endowment revealed that, from the perspective of rural households, it has had the most significant economic impact on the renovation and improvement of public spaces in rural areas. according to the majority of respondents, the endowment has moderately influenced agricultural production and has contributed to the stability and sustainability of income among rural households to a moderate degree. thus, it can be concluded that the economic impact of endowment, according to the individuals in the sample, has been moderate overall. regarding the social impacts of endowment, the distribution of responses indicated that endowment has significantly contributed to fostering a spirit of charity among rural households.