مطالعه تاثیرات حس تعلق مکانی بر پایداری جمعیتی روستاهای مرزی شهرستان سربیشه

نواحی روستایی با شروع روند رشد یکنواخت جمعیت در آغاز قرن نوزدهم و تشدید شهرنشینی در اواخر قرن نوزدهم و اوایل قرن بیستم، بخش عمده ای از جمعیت خود را به نفع شهرهای کوچک و بزرگ از دست داده اند. کاهش حس تعلق مکانی به عنوان یکی از علل آن به صورت مشکل و مسئله ای تازه برای انسان مطرح شده است که شناخت بیشتر آن به پژوهشگران و برنامه‌ریزان در حل چالش های پیشِ رو یاری می‌رساند. هدف پژوهش حاضر مطالعه تاثیر مولفه‌های اجتماعی و کالبدی موثر بر احساس تعلق مکانی بر پایداری جمعیتی سکونتگاه های روستایی مرزی شهرستان سربیشه است. این پژوهش بر مبنای ماهیت از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی با رویکرد پیمایشی و از حیث هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی است. مبانی نظری و اطلاعات مرتبط با پیشینه پژوهش به روش کتابخانه ای تدوین شد و در مرحله بعد، جمع آوری اطلاعات محیطی به صورت پیمایشی و تکمیل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته از خانوارهای روستایی ساکن در روستاهای مرزی شهرستان سربیشه انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل 29 روستای مرزی شهرستان سربیشه و مشتمل بر 1394 خانوار است. روش نمونه گیری در سطح خانوار از نوع احتمالی و تصادفی ساده و حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 253 خانوار است. در تجزیه وتحلیل داده های حاصل از عملیات پیمایشی، از آماره های توصیفی (میانگین، انحراف معیار و ضرایب تغییرات) و برای آزمون فرضیات از آمار استنباطی شامل (آزمون دوجمله ای) استفاده شده است. یافته های پژوهش نشان داد مولفه های اعتماد، انسجام و مشارکت اجتماعی بر احساس تعلق مکانی در حد زیادی تاثیرگذار است؛ همچنین مولفه کالبدی که بر تعلق مکانی خانوارهای روستایی تاثیر اندکی در پایداری جمعیتی و ماندگاری روستاییان در سکونتگاه های مرزی محدوده مورد مطالعه داشته است.

study of the effect of the sense of belonging to a place on the demographic stability of the border villages of sarbisheh county

population instability in rural areas is one of the serious challenges of recent decades, the most important reason for which is rural-to-urban migration and population evacuation of villages. people’s sense of belonging to a place is formed by the place where they were born and grew up. in fact, this type of relationship with the place affects people in a lasting way and enriches the human identity. from the point of view of environmental psychology, the sense of belonging to a place is at a higher level than the sense of place, which plays a decisive role in order to benefit and continue human presence in the place (falahat nouhi, 21: 2012). rural settlements, as the smallest and oldest geographical units, have been formed under the influence of various factors such as natural, social, cultural, historical and economic factors in the geographical context and in the form of human-environment relations (mekaniki nik farjam, 2014: 47). iran’s border areas have always faced many problems due to various threats of neighboring countries. the border villages of sarbisheh, with a 99 km common border with afghanistan, are the sample studied in this study. the question of the present study is: how the sense of belonging to a place affects the stability of the population of the border villages of this city? the study results can provide a better understanding of human behavior in different situations, such as the decision to stay or leave a habitat. methodthe present study is descriptive-analytical using survey. reviewing library and internet references and taking a sample from these references, comprehensive and documented materials related to the research were collected, theoretical foundations related to the subject were reviewed, and the social and physical components of the sense of belonging to a place and appropriate variables were identified. the statistical population of this study includes households living in the border villages of sarbisheh, i.e. 1394 households. according to cochran’s formula, 253 households were considered as the necessary sample size of the population.the data of the studied sample were collected by survey and a researcher-made questionnaire with different parts (personal information, social trust, social cohesion and participation, social identity, and access to services and facilities), including 45 items on likert scale. the answers are scored in five options (very low = 1, low = 2, moderate = 3, high = 4 and very high = 5). in this study, face validity was used. in this way, for the design of the questionnaire, it was attempted to match and relate the questions with the theoretical foundations and objectives of the research. next, it was modified according to the opinions of the professors in the field of rural planning studies. cronbach’s alpha was used to confirm the reliability of the measurement tool. descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation) were used for the data analysis and non-parametric binomial statistical test was used to test the research hypotheses due to the non-normality of the data.results: the distribution of the frequency of people’s views about the social components affecting the sense of belonging to a place includes social trust, social cohesion and participation, and social identity, from which the following results are obtained:social trust: the average opinions of the people studied about the effect of the component of social trust on the sense of belonging to a place and the stability of rural settlements is equal to 3.70, indicating that the effect of the component of social trust on the sense of belonging to a place and stability of rural settlements is high.social