تحلیل زیرساختارهای بازار هنر و درآمد هنرمندان خوش‏نویس در مشهد

این مقاله به بررسی اثر زیرساختارهای منتخب بازار هنر خوش‏نویسی بر درآمد هنری خوش‏نویسان مقیم شهر مشهد می‏پردازد. از آنجاکه زیرساختارها در علم اقتصاد بسیار گسترده و متنوع و بررسی تمامی آن‏ها در قلب یک پژوهش ناممکن است، یکی از مهم‏ترین زیرساختارهای موجد هر یک از شش ستون محیط نهادی، محیط کسب‎و‎کار، جانب عرضه، جانب تقاضا، ساختار بازار و دسترسی به بازار انتخاب شده است. برای انجام این پژوهش از روش تحلیل واریانس (anova) یک‏عاملی و دوعاملی استفاده شده و یافته‏ها دلالت بر آن دارند که چهار زیرساختار چندشغله بودن، درآمد روانی، کم‎شدن کاربرد خوش‏نویسی و سهم نمایشگاه‏ها و اکسپوها و همچنین چهار اثر متقابل چندشغله بودن درآمد روانی، چندشغله بودن سطح بازار، چندشغله بودن سهم نمایشگاه‏ها و اکسپوها، ساختار بازار بی‏ثباتی قوانین و مقررات به‎طور معنی‎داری تفاوت میان سطوح درآمد خوش‏نویسان را توضیح می‎دهند. علاوه بر پیشنهاد سیاست‏های لازم برای افزایش درآمد هنرمندان، به عنوان شرط کافی اثربخشی این سیاست‏ها پیشنهاد می‎شود «یک ناظر مقرراتی یکپارچه» به شکل وزارتخانه‏ای واحد برای بخش خلاق در ایران ایجاد شود.

art market’s infrastructures and calligraphy artists’ income in mashhad

introduction:artists, especially visual artists (such as calligraphers) tend to be self-employed and are rarely employed by an employer. the self-employed are sometimes by choice and sometimes by circumstances (no other choice); because official and stable job opportunities are not offered to artists. however, since artists sometimes work numerous jobs due to their self-employment, the topic of artists’ livelihood is crucial to consider while studying the art market. in contrast to the market for art products and services, the majority of research in cultural economics have examined the artist labor market and its distinctive features. on the contrary, the present paper assesses the effect of selected infrastructures of the calligraphy art market on the artistic income among resident calligraphers in mashhad (in which all of them are self-employed). infrastructures (for example, roads, education, etc.) are prerequisites to superstructures (such as manufacturing, agricultural, and mining activities). infrastructure is defined as a set of physical and institutional facilities that affect the quantitative and qualitative goods and services produced by economic agents. the infrastructures are very wide in terms of number and variety. in general, the infrastructures of art market can be categorized into six pillars: 1) institutional environment, including copyright, instability of laws and regulations of the culture sector and mixing with religion; 2) business environment including distribution system, multiple job-holding, access to external credits, membership in associations, working population, business establishment cost, years of earning degree and education cost; 3) the supply side including the cost of goods sold, profit margin, dependence on external credits, psychic income and pricing mechanism; 4) the demand side including the decrease in using calligraphy, consumer taste, purchasing power, the development of calligraphy software, the desire to buy copies and the share of government orders; 5) market structure including market type, market size and degree of monopoly; 6) access to the market including transaction costs, proximity to decision-making centers, specialized galleries, art fairs and expos.