monoterpenes enhance deltamethrin toxicity in a resistant population of 𝐴𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑠 𝐼𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑛 (hufnagel) by inhibiting cytochrome p450 enzyme

The black cutworm (bcw), agrotis ipsilon is a major underground pest poses a significant threat to many crops production, and is exposed to insecticides throughout the year, resulting in the rapid development of resistance. to effectively manage this pest and mitigate the resistance development, natural product alternative, and synergists are needed. a study was conducted on the potential of monoterpenes and piperonyl butoxide (pbo) applied to enhance the toxicity of deltamethrin against bcw. likewise, their effects were diagnosed as synergists and inhibitors of cytochrome p450 activity. field-collected population of bcw (f-r) showed a resistant ratio (rr) to deltamethrin, 57.41-fold greater than the susceptible strain (l-s). the mixtures of the five monoterpenes and pbo had a strong synergistic effect with deltamethrin. however, synergism was higher with the all five monoterpenesthan pbo. all mixtures inhibited cytochrome p450 (p450) activity in vivo by 58-85%, which could explain their synergistic effect. thus, the tested monoterpenes may be considered as ecofriendly approaches for the bcw control to reducedeltamethrin usage.