an overview of different approaches to managing 'co2' emissions from a legal perspective

Rising greenhouse gas (ghg) concentrations are exacerbating global warming. the recognition of the right to a healthy environment as a human right has compelled countries to prioritize the fulfillment of basic human needs and ecological reserves. governments take other legal and effective measures to strengthen the law, ensure its effective enforcement, and develop a legal basis for preventing and controlling air pollution. despite the state's commitments to fulfilling the right to a healthy environment, there are still various international challenges in realizing these commitments. the main question of this research is what are the multiple approaches to managing carbon dioxide 'co2' emissions from a legal perspective. so, from a legal standpoint, this review study is aimed at of current examining the critical international instruments on climate change and 'co2' emissions and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of international instruments addressing air pollution, the role of various industries, and the states' commitments to reduce 'ghg' emissions by 2050, and in the end, identifying some of the most effective strategies to achieve net-zero and net negative 'co2' emissions by the world's major emitter states. it concludes emissions decreasing global ' co2' emissions requires all states' cooperation and technical assistance. in this regard, the evolution and development of world legislation regarding the control of 'co2' pollution and creating roadmaps to reduce the 'co2' footprint up to 2050 in different countries is significant. as the world's major emitters, some countries have committed themselves to reducing 'ghg' emissions according to their proposed roadmaps.