endocrine disrupting chemicals: an overview of their toxicity and implications

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) present a substantial threat to human health and the environment due to their adverse impacts on endocrine systems. edcs disrupt hormonal signalling pathways by mimicking, blocking, or altering natural hormones, leading to developmental, reproductive, metabolic, neurological, and immune disorders. challenges in assessing and regulating edcs are discussed, emphasizing the need for continued research, surveillance, and regulatory measures. the review highlights the importance of understanding edc complexities, types and sources, mechanism of action of edcs, toxic consequences on the health of humans, and regulatory measures needed for safeguarding human and environmental health. exposure occurs through dermal contact, inhalation and ingestion, with vulnerable populations, such as those exposed during prenatal and early life stages, particularly at risk. endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs) interfere with hormonal activity, potentially causing a range of health problems and diseases. in recent years, there has been increasing concern about the impact of edcs on the environment and health, as they have been connected to numerous adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. edcs are emerging contaminants that can cause significant health issues, even at low concentrations. this review highlights the environmental mobility of edcs, their sources, and the various health problems they can cause.