growth and micronutrient uptake of oat plant (avena sativa) in oil contaminated soils as affected by poultry manure and biochar

The effect of total petroleum hydrocarbons (tph) levels (4, 6, and 8%), poultry manure (pm), and poultry manure biochar (pmb) on yield, and cu, zn, fe, and mn uptake in oat plant (avena sativa) was determined. the results showed that application of 6 and 8% tphs levels decreased root and shoot dry weight as compared with 4% tphs level but pm and pmb increased that of parameters. on average, shoot cu, zn, fe, and mn uptake decreased in oat plants following the application of 6 and 8% tphs levels as compared with 4% tph levels. in 8% tph levels, nutrient uptake significantly reduced by 59.88% for cu, 52.9% for zn, 64.61% for fe, and 62.72% for mn as compared to 4% tph levels. however, pmb treatments concluded in an increase in cu, zn, fe and mn uptake by about 95.5, 47.2, 52.04, and 82.95% in shoot compare with pmb-unamended treatments, and application of pm increased the average of cu, zn, fe, and mn uptake in oat by 53.46, 31.96, 32.74, and 58.63 % as compared with pm-unamended treatment. it is concluded that the application of pmb and pm in tphs contaminated soil could significantly improve tphs dissipation, micronutrient uptake, and growth of oat plants.