the effect of carvacrol on il-1β and nitric oxide levels on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute renal injury in male rats

Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpenoid compound that has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is derived from the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for acute kidney injury. in this research, the protective effect of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury was studied. for this purpose, 40 male wistar rats (200-250 g) were used. animals were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: 1) control, 2) lps group, 3) lps+carvacrol (25 mg kg^-1), 4) lps+carvacrol (50 mg kg^-1) and 5) lps+carvacrol (100 mg kg^-1). to induce acute renal injury, daily 1 mg kg^-1 lps for 2 weeks was injected intraperitoneally. carvacrol was administered intraperitoneally daily for 30 minutes before lps injection. lps-induced kidney injury was evaluated by blood urea nitrogen (bun), serum creatinine, and nitric oxide levels in kidney tissue by spectrophotometric methods. the level of the interleukin 1 beta was detected by elisa in the kidney. our results showed that lps injection increased bun, creatinine, nitric oxide, and il-1β levels (p <0.001). pretreatment with carvacrol reduced bun at 25 mg kg^-1 (p <0.001), 50 mg kg^-1 (p <0.01), and 100 mg kg^-1 (p <0.001) doses, nitric oxide at 25 mg kg^-1 (p <0.05), 50 mg kg^-1(p <0.01) and 100 mg kg^-1(p <0.001) doses, and il-1β levels (p <0.001) at all doses significantly but did not affect serum creatinine. these results indicate that carvacrol has an anti-inflammatory effect and protects kidneys against lps by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators such as il-1β and nitric oxide.