health risk assessment of heavy metals in edible mushrooms and their effect on anemia: a review study

Anemia patients are more susceptible to environmental contaminations such as heavy metals. the present study aimed at risk assessment of heavy metals in edible mushrooms and anemia.the databases searched in those articles were google scholar, sid, scopus, pubmed, science direct, and isi. related human health risks were calculated using the target hazard quotient (thq). thq ratio of cd, cu, fe, pb, cr, ni, and mn were 3×10^−3, 2.31, 8.43×10 ^−1, 2.35, 2.92×10^−1, 6.6×10^− 2 and 1.96×10^− 1 m m^-1 respectively. the highest non-carcinogenic diseases risk for adults were found in pb (2.35 m m^-1) while the lowest value was observed in cd (3×10^− 3 m m^-1). the risk of carcinogenicity of lead was at the level of acceptable (10^−4 to 10^−6 m m^-1). there is no concern about the non-carcinogenic risk of consuming heavy metals in edible mushrooms, in iran except cu and pb. in some countries, adults and children can be exposed to non-cancerous foods by eating mushrooms. and can aggravate anemia in the consumer.