effect of various planting substrates on morphological and chlorophyll traits of narcissus plant

The studied substrates included soil, soil + leaf mold, soil + cocopeat, soil + perlite, and soil + vermicompost arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. the results showed that the highest germination speed (18) was related to soil and that the highest flower fresh weight (9.25) and flower diameter (52.3) were related to soil + perlite. substrates did not impact floret number, root length, and flowering time significantly. the highest flower longevity (7 days) was observed in soil + leaf mold.  results of analysis of variance did not display the significant influence on stem length, root length, floret number, leaf number and chlorophyll and flowering time. the results showed that the addition of materials such as vermicompost to soil could improve the important traits of narcissus flower, including flower life, germination rate and stem diameter, thus reducing the use of chemicals.