ارزیابی پایداری ژنوتیپ های زمستانه ی کلزا(brassica napus l.) با استفاده از روش‌های آماری چندمتغیره

سازگاری مناسب به همراه عملکرد بالا دو معیار اصلی در انتخاب رقم مناسب برای کشت در یک منطقه است. بنابراین، انتخاب ارقام برتر براساس میانگین عملکرد همراه با ارزیابی پایداری عملکرد به کمک اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ در محیط امکان‌پذیر است. با این هدف، آزمایشی شامل 9 لاین هیبرید کلزای زمستانه همراه با 4 رقم شاهد )اکاپی، احمدی، نیما و نفیس) درطی دو سال زراعی 1395- 1394 و 1396- 1395 به‌منظور ارزیابی تغییرات عملکرد و میزان سازگاری آن‌ها در 6 منطقه )همدان، خوی، کرمانشاه، اصفهان، زرقان و کرج) در قالب طرح آزمایشی بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. در این مطالعه از روش‌های اَمی و جی‌جی بای‌پلات و نرم‌افزار r برای انتخاب ژنوتیپ(های) برتربا عملکرد بالا و پایداری استفاده شد. با استفاده از نتایج تجزیه اَمی، رقم اکاپی دارای بیش‌ترین سازگاری عمومی در کلیه محیط‌های بررسی شده بود. ژنوتیپ‌های bal-92-4, bal-90-3, hw-92-4 و bal-92-1، سازگاری خصوصی مطلوبی را در مناطق کرمانشاه، کرج و همدان نشان دادند. درحالی‌که رقم نفیس و ژنوتیپ‌های bal-92-3, bal-92-11 و hw-92-3، سازگاری خصوصی مطلوبی را در منطقه خوی نشان داد. ارقام نیما و احمدی دارای سازگاری خصوصی بالایی در منطقه زرقان بودند. نتایج جی‌جی بای‌پلات نشان داد که رقم نفیس با لحاظ دو ویژگی عملکرد بالا و سازگاری مناسب، کم‌ترین مقدار فاصله را از ژنوتیپ ایده‌آل فرضی داشت و پس از آن، ژنوتیپ‌‌های hw-92-1، bal-92-6 و bal-92-1 در رده‌های بعدی از نظر مطلوبیت قرار گرفتند.

evaluation of stability of rapeseed (brassica napus l.) winter genotypes using multivariate statistical methods

introductioncanola (brassica napus l.) is one of the most important edible oil seed after soybean (glycin max l.). canola is self-pollinated plant but it will be cross-pollinated in presence of insects nearly to 30% that use for hybrid variety with interested heterosis. a total of genotype, environment and interaction of these two factor effects resulte in a genotype yield value. the genotype × environment interaction reduce selection efficient of a genotype. so, the evaluation of genotype × environment interaction result in suitable variety selection. it is used different statistical nonparametric and parametric uni and multivariate methods to evaluate interaction of genotype × environment which one assess a specific aspect of genotypes yield. ammi, gge biplot and pca are the common methods to evaluate interaction effects. in common, the aim of compatibility is gaining varieties with high yield in different environments but in specific concept, it means detection of varieties which have high yield in specific environments.   materials and methodsthis research was conducted with aim to study of stability in 9 winter hybrid lines of canola which evaluated in primary yield experiment in cold and mild environments of country with 4 controls varieties, ahmadi, nima, ocapi and nafis and revealed their superiorities. the experiment was done in complete block design with three replications in six enviroments include karaj, esfahan, khoy, kermanshah, hamedan and zarghan during 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015. the cultivation was done according to common method in each environment and the genotypes were considered as constant factor. it was used of ammi and gge biplot models for selection of high yield genotypes and varieties with specific and common adaptability using ‌‌r-project software.        results and discussionthe results of combined analysis of variance for 12 environments revealed that the effect of environment, interaction of year × environment, genotype, interaction of genotype × year, interaction of genotype × environment and interaction of genotype × year × environment were 22.8%, 45.5%, 2.9%, 1.35%, 7.02% and 6.54%, respectively which the highest one was the changes resulted from year × environment effect. the significant effect of genotype × environment means to different response of genotypes to various environment in means of years and so, we can recognize compatible genotypes for specific environment. this effect resulted from changing in genotype ranking in different environments that show fluctuation of yield in the environments. in spite of significant genotype effect in combined analysis, the effect was not significant in separate variance analysis in each year which indicates the effect of year on genotypes reaction and means different stability of the genotypes. the interaction of genotype × environment were studied in detail by ammi model. according to ammi analysis, okapi had the highest adaptability in experimental environments. bal- 92, hw-92-4, bal-90-3 and bal- 92-1 had good adaptability in kermanshah, karaj and hamedan, too. the genotypes bal- 92- 3, bal-92-11, hw-92-3 and nafis were well compatible to khoy and nima and ahmadi compatible to zarghan. also, gge biplot model was used for more analysis. the results of the analysis revealed that nafis had the lowest distance to ideal genotype and then, hw-92-1, bal-92-6 and bal-92-1 placed in next categories. conclusionin present research, nafis variety had the highest yield than to other experimental genotypes addition to suitable compatibility to all environments and then, hw-92-1, bal-92-6 and bal-92-1 showed more genetic potential for yield and compatibility than to others. it was found in the study that multivariate methods for compatibility studies were efficient due to simultaneous detection of different factors effects on a suitable genotype in canola. one of the results of the research was that the genotype effect was included a small part of variance change and the most of the change belong to environment factors. for the reason, gge biplot was more functional method to delete environment effects in the results for compatibility studies in canola.