remineralizing effects of fluoride varnishes containing nanohydroxyapatite or casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate

Objective: this study compared the effects of sodium fluoride varnish (naf), naf varnish containing nanohydroxyapatite (nano-ha), and naf varnish containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (cpp-acp) on demineralized enamel.methods: thirty premolars were split mesiodistally, resulting in 60 specimens. the crowns were immersed in a demineralizing solution (ph 4.4) for 96 hours to create incipient carious lesions, then randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20): group 1: naf varnish, group 2: naf varnish containing 10 wt% nano-ha, and group 3: naf varnish containing 10 wt% cpp-acp. the mineral content of enamel was evaluated by measuring the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (ca/p) at baseline (t1), after demineralization (t2), and following remineralization (t3) using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and the changes in mineral content between t2 and t3 (mineral absorption) were calculated. data were analyzed with repeated measures and one-way anova, followed by bonferroni and tukey tests (α = 0.05).results: anova revealed no significant differences in ca/p ratio at t1 (p=0.91) or t2 (p=0.88) among groups, but a significant between-group difference was observed at t3 (p<0.001). the nano-ha-containing naf group had a significantly higher ca/p ratio than other groups at t3 (p<0.05). there was a significant difference in the percentage of mineral absorption among groups (p<0.001). group 1 had the lowest and group 2 showed the highest percentage of mineral absorption, with significant differences observed among all groups (p<0.05).conclusions: naf varnish containing nano-ha was significantly more effective than other groups in improving the mineral content of demineralized enamel.