review and critique of the article conceptual development of the components of spiritual health with emphasis on avicenna, rhazes and al-rohawi

the book hifz al-sihha niswan (women’s health maintenance), authored by dr. mirza abdul-khaliq akhundzadeh, is one of the few independent medical texts dedicated to women during the qajar era and the early pahlavi period. it provides a comprehensive account of women’s health and hygiene, spanning from childhood to old age. the significance of this book lies in its unique integration of traditional and modern medical knowledge, as well as its valuable historical insights into the status and conditions of women during that time. this article introduces the structure and content of this book.