Determination of paraquat in fruits and natural water using Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes composite modified carbon ionic liquid electrode

A novel analytical approach has been developed and evaluated for the quantitative analysis of paraquat herbicides which can be found at trace levels in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid. the experimental results suggest that a carbon ionic liquid electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nickel hydroxide nanoparticles accelerates the electron transfer reactions of paraquat. the best responses were obtained with differential potential and chronoamperometry methods in phosphate buffer (ph,7.5). the influence of various parameters on the electrode was investigated. under the optimized working conditions,calibration graphs were linear in the concentration ranges of 0.0025–25 mg l-1 with a detection limit (s/n=3.0) of 0.8 ppb. the proposed electrode was used for determination of paraquat in fruits and river water samples with satisfactory results. © 2015 by cee (center of excellence in electrochemistry)