Application of Modified Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode for Nanomolar Determination of Adrenaline Using FFT Admittance Voltammetry in Flow Analysis

The fast fourier transform square-wave voltammetry (fftswv) was usedfor determination of adrenaline as a new detection technique based on measurements ofelectrode admittance. the working electrode was a poly(1-methylpyrrole) modifiedglassy carbon electrode (gce) that exhibited stable and sensitive current responsestowards adrenaline. during the measurements, the potential waveform (consists ofpotential steps for cleaning, stripping and potential ramp) was continuously applied onthe electrode. the response is generated by admittance of the redox process ofadrenaline. the support electrolyte that provided a more defined and intense peakcurrent for adrenaline determination was at 0.1 m phosphate buffer solution (pbs) at ph4.5 at modified glassy carbon electrodes. the linear response was obtained in the rangeof 3.0×10-9m to 2.0×10-8m with a detection limit of 8.68×10-10 m for adrenaline by thismethod. the modified electrode has been successfully applicable for the determinationof adrenaline in pharmaceuticals. the proposed method showed excellent stability andreproducibility.