ساخت‌یابی برنامه‌ توسعه در ایران پس از انقلاب

برنامه‌ریزی توسعه در ایران، از پیش از انقلاب اسلامی آغاز و با انقلاب اسلامی با هدف تحقق جامعه‌ آرمانی اسلامی و تبدیل ایران به الگوی جهان اسلام ادامه پیدا کرد. اما علیرغم اجرای 6 برنامه‌ توسعه پس از انقلاب اسلامی، همچنان چالش‌های اساسی در مسیر توسعه‌ ایران وجود داد و برنامه‌های توسعه نتوانسته است این چالش‌ها را سامان دهد. پژوهش حاضر به‌دنبال پاسخ به‌چگونگی ساخت‌یابی برنامه‌های توسعه‌ اجرا‌شده در ایران پس از انقلاب اسلامی و کارکرد آن در روند توسعه‌ ایران است. در تبیین این مفهوم، رویکرد تحلیل برنامه‌های توسعه، جامعه‌شناسی تاریخی است. ازاین‌رو ساخت‌یابی نظری و همچنین رویکرد کنشگران در قالب‌بندی این مفهوم در سیر تاریخی بررسی شده است. به این معنا علاوه بر نقش کنشگران و ایده‌های نظری در شکل‌یابی این برنامه‌ها، به رخدادهای تاریخی که در مسیر برنامه‌ها روی داده است، نیز توجه شده است. بر اساس مطالعه‌ صورت گرفته، می‌توان اشاره داشت که برنامه‌های توسعه پس از انقلاب، علاوه بر عدم استفاده از تجربه‌ توسعه در عصر پهلوی و شکل‌یابی ذیل یک جهان‌بینی متفاوت، در سطح نظری و کنشگران نتوانست به اجماع دست پیدا کند و در بستر تاریخی نیز با رویدادهایی مانند تحریم و کمبود منابع ارزی، امکان شکل‌دهی گفتمان توسعه را نیافت.

construction of the development program in iran after the revolution

introductionthe concept of development and development planning is an issue that has become a problem of the iranian society in the contemporary era. therefore, many have studied and criticized this concept, ideas and development plans prepared in iran. the authors of this research have previously evaluated and investigated the development plans in the second pahlavi era in a research titled construction of development plans in iran before the islamic revolution. the present research, which deals with the construction of development plans after the islamic revolution, in continuation of the same research with the approach of historical sociology and the theoretical model of construction, seeks an answer to how the development plans are formulated after the islamic revolution.materials & methodshistorical sociology investigates the evolution of social structures and processes, therefore, in a sense, it pays attention to the development of societies and examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the phenomena of human society in a historical context and in a long term process. this research uses this approach to formulate the planning process. development in iran will benefit after the islamic revolution. most of the studies conducted in this field have been limited to one of these aspects or have not examined this phenomenon in a historical context and in a comprehensive process. in terms of the theoretical approach, in this article, the construction theory will be used as an epistemic platform for data processing. the theoretical approach of construction is considered a unified theoretical model and connects two levels of society, micro and macro, so in this approach, social phenomena are created in the interrelationship of structure actor/agent and are reproduced in a dialectical and dynamic relationship in the historical context of structures.discussion & resultthe concept of development, after the islamic revolution, with the interruption that occurred in its implementation, unlike the experience before the revolution, faced a different worldview, which made the development process face a new problem, and that was the lack of attention to the different foundations of these two phenomena. therefore, regardless of the coordination of the theoretical basis of these two phenomena, the development process faced serious problems. the effort to align the ideals of the revolution and the theoretical ideas of development was something that was not paid much attention to at first, and this itself became a factor for the internal and external contradictions of this phenomenon. the different approaches of different governments to build the concept of development based on new ideals was another factor that did not help the theoretical construction of this phenomenon. the change of governments in the middle of implementing the programs also prevented the coherence of this phenomenon in the experience after the revolution. in addition to that, the interference of the compiled development plans with the upstream documents made it impossible to construct this phenomenon. this resulted in the formation of an intellectual consensus about the concept and format of development after the revolution and, except for the third program prepared and implemented in the reform government, a coherent thinking environment for development programs was not formed.in the domain of activists, the development plans after the islamic revolution faced fundamental challenges. as the conflict between governments and parliaments over the approval and implementation of post revolution development plans and various government departments with each other, often led to a lack of elite consensus on development plans and even led to non implementation by governments and their complete negation. as sometimes the development plans have been extended due to these differences and non approval at the appointed time. activists of development programs sometimes faced the problem of the possibility of forming this concept by completely denying the planning path in practice.conclusionin the course of history, the developed development plans were faced with events during the implementation phase that made it impossible to form these plans. the most important feature of the development programs after the islamic revolution, unlike the pre revolution era, is the budget deficit due to the dependence of the budget on oil and various sanctions since the beginning of the islamic revolution, which did not provide the possibility of its coherent construction. this has made it impossible to achieve the goals of the development plans and has caused deviations from the plans. sanctions on iran and its social, political and economic results have practically made the necessary platform for the implementation and formation of development plans impossible. in other words, for a long time, sanctions have prevented the use of elite capacities, financing, technological supply, etc., and on the other hand, by creating crises and social and economic gaps, it has challenged the development plans. therefore, the development plans in iran after the revolution have not been able to be constructed and have remained in the form of ideas and thoughts.