بررسی‌ فرآیند و عوامل ‌تجدید نظر در برنامه‌ عمرانی‌ پنجم(1356/1352ش) در دوران پهلوی

برنامه‌عمرانی‌اول(1327/1334ش)و دوم (1341/1335ش)، به‌ترتیب دوران ‌شروع و تثبیت برنامه‌ریزی‌توسعه درتاریخ ایران به‌شمار می‌روند، این برنامه‌های‌هفت‌ساله گرچه به نتایج موردانتظار نرسیدند اما از آن‌جهت‌ که آغازگر‌‌تحول ‌در نظام‌برنامه‌ریزی ‌کشور بودند از جایگاه مهمی برخوردار‌ هستند. برنامه عمرانی سوم (1346/1341ش) و چهارم(1351/1347ش) از برنامه‌های ‌موفق‌ دوران‌پهلوی‌ بودند ‌به‌طوری‌که‌ برنامه‌عمرانی سوم‌ بعنوان ‌اولین برنامه ‌جامع ‌توسعه ‌درایران ازنظر رشداقتصادی 6درصد نسبت‌به میزان ‌رشد ‌هدف‌گذاری شده، پیشی‌گرفت و برنامه‌عمرانی‌چهارم‌ ازنظر میزان‌ رشداقتصادی ‌موفق‌ترین‌ برنامه‌در‌ایران تاکنون ‌بوده‌است. بعداز تدوین برنامه‌عمرانی‌پنجم(1356/1352ش)، وقوع تحولات ‌داخلی‌ و بین‌المللی، زمینه شکاف دربین مدیران-سازمان‌برنامه و مسئولان‌کشور را فراهم‌ساخت به‌ترتیبی‌که این برنامه یک‌سال بعد از تصویب‌ و اجرا، مورد تجدید‌نظراساسی قرارگرفت، این برنامه نخستن و تنهاترین ‌برنامه در تاریخ برنامه‌ریزی‌توسعه در ایران تاکنون بوده که مورد بازنگری قرارگرفته ‌است. هدف ‌پژوهش ‌پاسخ به این‌سئوال‌ است ‌که اصلی‌ترین ‌عوامل تجدیدنظر در برنامه‌عمرانی پنجم چه‌مواردی بوده است؟.این‌پژوهش،‌کیفی و به‌ روش ‌توصیفی- تحلیلی‌انجا‌م شده-است.چهار‌عامل1.افزایش قیمت ‌نفت‌ در بازارهای ‌جهانی‌و‌ رشد‌ درآمدهای ‌ارزی ‌ایران،2. علاقه ‌حاکمیت به توسعه‌صنعتی و زیربنایی به‌صورت همه‌جانبه و شتابان،3. اختلافات ‌مقامات‌سیاسی و مدیران‌سازمان‌برنامه و بودجه و 4. تلفیق برنامه‌های‌ عمرانی ‌پنچ ساله با بودجه‌سنواتی را می‌توان به‌عنوان عوامل‌اصلی‌تجدیدنظر در برنامه‌عمرانی ‌پنجم‌ معرفی‌کرد.

investigating the process and factors of revision in the fifthdevelopment program (1973/1978) during the pahlavi era

introduction: although the government’s program ning system in iran is very old from a historical point of view, but the efforts to program the economic development and program ning thinking in iran in its new form since the early years of the period pahlavi started. during the pahlavi era and from 1942 to 1978, five development programs were compiled, approved and implemented. the first(1949/1955) and the second(1956/1962) development program are the beginning and consolidation of the development program in the history of iran. although these seven-year program s did not achieve the expected results, they have an important position because they initiated the transformation in the country’s program ning system. the third(1962/1968) and fourth(1968/1973) development program were also among the successful programs of the pahlavi era, so that the third program , as the first comprehensive development program of iran, surpassed the targeted growth rate by 6%, and the fourth development program has been the most successful program in iran in terms of economic growth. after the preparation of the fifth(1973/1978) development program, internal and international developments created a gap between the managers of the program organization and the country’s government, so that this program was fundamentally revised one year after its approval and implementation. this program is the first and only development program in iran so far that was revised. the purpose of this research is to answer the question, what factors caused the fifth development program  to be modified?. examining the studies and research conducted in the field of development program ning during the pahlavi era shows that most of the studies focused on the reasons for the failure of development programs. but the distinguishing feature of the present research is that it is devoted to the investigation of the reasons for revising the fifth development program after its approval and implementation, and not the reasons for the failure of the program. methodology: this qualitative research has been carried out by analytical-descriptive method.documents are in the category of textual paradigms, which are an inseparable part of other systems and structures in the organization. in this way, they define the understanding of specific issues and describe various behaviors and ways of doing things. therefore, the information that these documents provide to researchers is more comprehensive than the information that researchers obtain through interviews or questionnaires. findings: the results showed four factors 1. the increase in oil prices in the world markets and the growth of iran’s foreign exchange earnings. 2. the government’s interest in industrial and infrastructure development in an all-round and accelerated manner. 3. disagreement between the political officials and managers of the program and budget organization and 4. combining the five-year program  with the annual budget , the main factors of revision in the fifth construction program  have been. discussion and conclusion: the fifth development program , as the last implemented program  of the pahlavi era, was the only program  that was fundamentally revised in that period. the sharp rise in global oil prices in the first year of the implementation of the program led the government to the conclusion that in order to achieve comprehensive development, revisions should be made in the program. in addition to these cases, the disagreements of managers of the program and budget organization with political officials and the need to align construction program s with annual budgets were among the most important reasons for revising the fifth development program . among these four factors, the sharp increase in oil prices played a more effective role in persuading the country’s administration to revise the fifth development program .