تطور تاریخی تفسیر نوروز تا پایان دوره صفویه

ﺗﻔﺎﺳﻴﺮ و ﺗﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ اﺳﺎﻃﻴﺮی از ﻧﻮروز، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮدوره ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎرﻳخی ﺗﻄّﻮر ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ از ﻧﻮروز آن ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺘﻮن ﺗﺎرﻳخی و ادبی ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮروز، آﻋﺎزﻳﻦ روز ﺳﺎل ﻣﻘﺎرن ﺑﺎ رﺧﺪادﻫﺎی ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺎرﻳخی و ﻓﺮاﺗﺎرﻳخی ﻓﺮض ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد ﻣﺎﻟﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﮔﺎﻫﺸﻤﺎر ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪی ﻛﻪ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﺪاوم ﺳﻨﺖ ﻧﻮروز را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ، ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﺗﻄّﻮر ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ از ﻧﻮروز در »رﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺎه ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ روز ﺧﺮداد« ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در روزﮔﺎر ﺧﺴﺮوﭘﺮوﻳﺰ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ:590 - 628 م آﺛﺎراﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮون اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﻪ « اﺑﻮرﻳﺤﺎن ﺑﻴﺮونی362 - 440 ق، »ﻋﺠﺎﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت « ذﻛﺮﻳﺎ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻗﺰوﻳنی(602- 682 ق)، ﻣﺘﻮﻧﻲ از دوره ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻳﺮان و رواﻳﺎت ﻣﻨﺪرج در ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮروزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در روزﮔﺎر ﺻﻔﻮی ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ و ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه، اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮروزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺷﺪه در ﻓﺮارودان ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ. در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﮔﻔﺘﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ، ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴفی - ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠی و ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮدی ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ای، ﺳﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻲ، ﭘﻴﺸﺎﺻﻔﻮی و ﺻﻔﻮی از ﻧﻮروز، ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ای ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از دﻳﮕﺮی، ﻓﺮض ﺗﻘﺎرن ﻧﻮروز ﺑﺎ رﺧﺪادﻫﺎیی ﺗﺎرﻳخی و ﻓﺮاﺗﺎریخی ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ و آﻳﻨﺪه ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ را ﺑﻴﺎن کرده است، ﺑﺮرسی ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

the historical development of nowruz interpretation until the end of the safavid period

mythological interpretations of nowruz have been developed in accordance with thedominant discourses of varied historical periods. by interpretation of nowruz, we meanthe great historical and trans-historical events of each tradition that are identified withthe spring equinox in the historical and literary texts concerning nowruz.in this article, we have reviewed the financial and administrative functions of thesolar calendar which has made it possible for the rituals of nowruz to continue.additionally, we have investigated the evidence of the transformation of theinterpretation of nowruz in the treatise on the day of khordad of the month offarvardin written during the reign of parviz ii (r. 590-628 ad), āthār al-bāghīyyah byal-bīrūnī (362-440 ah), ajāyib al-makhlqhāt by zakaria ibn-mohammad qazvīnī(602-682 a.h.), some texts from the middle period of the history of iran, and ḥadīthnarrations from nowruz-nameh texts of the safavid period. afterward, we comparedthese materials with some nowruz-nameh books written in transoxiana.by a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach, we have examinedthree sassanid, pre-safavid, and safavid interpretations of nowruz, each of which peculiarly considered nowruz to be identical to historical and trans-historical events of the past and future.