مبنای حکم ثبوت قصاص در جنایات نسبت به جنین منجر به ایجاد آثار پس از تولد

طبق تبصره ماده 306 قانون مجازات مصوب سال 1392، می‌توان مرتکب جنایات نسبت به جنین، منجر به ایجاد آثار پس از تولد را قصاص کرد؛ در حالی که طبق ماده، جنایات علیه جنین قصاص ندارد. این نکته سبب ایجاد این سوال می‌شود که آیا تناقضی میان ماده و تبصره وجود دارد؟ و همچنین دلیل و مبنای ثبوت قصاص در موضوع تبصره با توجه به اشکالات و خلاء های آن مورد سوال جدی است. این پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی و گردآوری اطلاعات آن کتابخانه‌ای است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که ماده و تبصره متناقض نیستند و وضع آن‌ها بر مبنای یک قول فقهی و برخی صورت‌ های جنایت بوده ‌است. گرچه وضع ماده 306 و تبصره آن اقدامی نوین در توجه به جنایات ایجادکننده آثار پس از تولد است که ثمره‌اش پیشگیری از جرم و تقویت جنبه بازدارندگی قانون می‌باشد، ولی باید نسبت به رفع اشکالات تبصره و از بین بردن مغایرت‌ها اقدام شود و خلاهای آن مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

explanation of qisas' determination’s principles in crimes that lead to the creation of the effects of the crime after childbirth

the crime against the fetus is not limited to abortion; rather, it has different types. one of these types is the crime that leads to the creation of works after birth. after years of silence about these crimes, in 2012, the legislator addressed them in a note to article 306 of the islamic penal code. according to this note, there is a possibility of retribution for committing crimes that lead to the creation of works after birth; this is even though in the article itself, the proof of retribution in crimes against the fetus is ruled out. this point causes the question of whether there is a contradiction between the article and the note, or whether the legislator has excluded these crimes from the scope of article 306 for some reason, and also the reason and basis for proving retribution in the note, considering its flaws and gaps. it is a serious question. the information in this research was collected by searching library sources and analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way. the findings show that there is no contradiction between the article and the note and their status was based on jurisprudence and some forms of crime. although the enactment of article 306 and its note is a new measure regarding crimes that lead to the creation of effects after birth, and its fruit is to prevent crime and strengthen the deterrent aspect of the law, it is suggested to take measures as soon as possible to fix the problems of the note and eliminate the contradictions. it should be provided and its loopholes should be taken into consideration by the legislator.