investigation and comparison of volume and chemical compositions of ferula assa-foetida l. root essential oil under farm and natural habitat conditions

Ferula assa-foetida l. (apiaceae) (anguzeh in farsi) is a medicinal plant which its gum used in medicine. first agricultural research, education, and natural resource of khorasan razavi center cultivated seeds of f.assa-foetida on the farm in 2002. then we selected two root samples, one from the farm and the other from the natural habitat of f.assa-foetida (chah-sokhteh, sabzevar, iran) in 2020. then, we extracted essential oil of both root samples using the hydro-distillation method and they were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometric detections. result showed that the average volume of e.oil of anguzeh root (v/w) for nature and farm samples was 0.26% and 0.17%, respectively. nature and farm e.oils contain 21 and 19 chemical compounds, respectively. also, the highest percentage of chemical compounds in root e.oil was related to borneol, which was 37.84% and 33.79%, respectively, for nature and farm samples. in addition, the sum of three chemical compounds including borneol, p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, and α-guaiene in e.oils of nature and farm accounted for 75.97% and 77.70% respectively. another result showed that the percentage of p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol (3.44%) and α-guaiene (2.34%) in the e.oil of the farm were higher a little bit than the nature sample. also, 6 chemical compounds such as camphene, cis-sabinene hydrate, cis-carveol, germacrene b, γ- eudesmol, and 4-cuprenen-1-ol found in root e.oil in nature sample while they were not found in the farm sample. instead, α-terpinene-7-al, 9-epi-(e)-caryophyllene, and spathulenol were found in the e.oil of the farm, but they were not in the nature sample e.oil.