A Novel Discrete Electromagnetism-Like for Fuzzy Open Shop Scheduling Problem with Parallel Machines to Minimize Makespan

In this paper, we consider the fuzzy open shop scheduling problemwith parallel machines in each working stage where processing timesare vague and are represented by fuzzy numbers. an open shopscheduling problem with parallel machines in each working stageunder this condition is close to the real production schedulingconditions. a mixed-integer fuzzy programming (mifp) model ispresented to formulate this problem with the objective of minimizingmakespan. to solve small-sized instances, an interactive fuzzysatisfying solution procedure is applied. since this problem is knownas a class of np-hard, a novel discrete electromagnetism-like (dem)is proposed to solve medium to large size examples. the demalgorithm employs a completely difference approach. it makes use thecrossover operators to calculate force and move particle is used. weemploy taguchi method to evaluate the effects of different operatorsand parameters on the performance of dem algorithm. finally toassess the performance of the algorithm, the results are compared withan existing em algorithm from the literature and benchmarkproblems. the result exhibited the ability of the proposed demalgorithm to converge to the efficient solutions.