اخبار جعلی در ایران: یک پژوهش مرکب

ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اﺧﺒﺎر ﺟﻌﻠﯽ ﭘﺪﯾﺪهای ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﺧﺒﺎر ﺟﻌﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت روزاﻓﺰوﻧﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاران، روزﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﮕﺎران و ﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﺮدم ﻋﺎدی ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ اﺧﺒﺎر ﺟﻌﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺮدی و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﮕﺬارﻧﺪ و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات اﺧﺒﺎر ﺟﻌﻠﯽ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ رﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ .وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﺎص ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه آن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﺧﺒﺎر ﺟﻌﻠﯽ در اﯾﺮان اﻫﻤﯿﺘﯽ وﯾﮋه داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﮐﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﮕﺮش ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان ﺧﺒﺮه اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ درﺑﺎره اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ در ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎی درﺳﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آن اﺳﺖ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎی اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دادهﻫﺎی ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت و ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﻧﮕﺮش اﻓﺮاد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺒﺎر ﺟﻌﻠﯽ و ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ آنﻫﺎ در ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﺧﺒﺎر واﻗﻌﯽ از ﺟﻌﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎزﻫﻢ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺮای اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻮاد رﺳﺎﻧﻪ ای و ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدی ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ از ﺳﻮی دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ ﻫﻮش ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ و اﻣﮑﺎن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮی اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﺗﺎزه، ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﭘﻠﺘﻔﺮمﻫﺎی دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی در ﻗﺒﺎل ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه روی ﭘﻠﺘﻔﺮمﻫﺎی ﺧﻮد ﺑﭙﺬﯾﺮﻧﺪ.در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺘﺪا، ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ روی 137 روزﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﮕﺎر و ﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮاﻻﺗﯽ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺒﺎر ﺟﻌﻠﯽ و ﻧﮕﺮش آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش اﺧﺒﺎر ﺟﻌﻠﯽ در اﯾﺮان و ﺟﻬﺎن و ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎی اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ دوﻟﺖﻫﺎ و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ اﺧﺒﺎر ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در آن 48 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﺣﻮزه ﺧﺒﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮاﻻت ﺑﺴﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎز ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن، ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .

fake news in iran: a mixed method study

fake news in iran: a mixed method studywith the rise and spread of social media, the issue of fake news has increasingly garnered the attention of policymakers, journalists, and even the general public. iran's unique situation and complex structure make the issue of fake news particularly significant. this research employed a sequential mixed method approach. first, a survey was conducted with 137 journalists and social media activists, who responded to questions regarding their perspectives on the proliferation of fake news in iran and globally, and the potential roles of governments and decision-making bodies in combating fake news. after analyzing these responses, interviews were designed in which 48 media experts answered both closed and open-ended questions. finally, by comparing the results from both phases of the research, certain findings and recommendations were formulated and presented.