تحلیل «گستاخی با حق ‌تعالی» در داستان عمید خراسان به روایت عطار و مولوی با تکیه بر «نظریۀ نفی و اثبات»

این پژوهش به تحلیل مفهوم «گستاخی با حق ‌تعالی» در داستان عمید خراسان به روایت عطار و مولوی می‌پردازد. بنیان نظری پژوهش براساس نظریۀ عرفانی «نفی و اثبات» است. این پژوهش که با روشی توصیفی‌ تحلیلی تدوین یافته، برآ‌نست تا به‌استناد شواهد موجود در آثار عطار و مولوی و با تکیه بر نظریۀ «نفی و اثبات»، به تحلیل تناقض موجود از مفهوم گستاخی با خدا در داستان عمید خراسان به روایت منطق‌الطیر و مثنوی پرداخته، تفسیر درستی جهت شناخت دیدگاه این دو عارف ارائه دهد.اگرچه مقایسۀ مفهوم گستاخی در روایت منطق‌الطیر با مثنوی از داستان یادشده، گویای آن است که دو روایت، از گفتمان واحدی پیروی نمی‌کنند، چنان‌که روایت عطار دلالت بر نیکوداشت گستاخی با خداوند و روایت مولوی تاکید بر نکوهش او دارد؛ اما با بررسی گستاخی در کلّیت آثار هر دو عارف می‌توان دریافت که دیدگاه‌ هم‌سویی دارند. یعنی حال گستاخی با خدا در نگرش عطار و مولوی در دو ساحت انعکاس دارد: نخست در ساحت عبودیت که نکوهیده و درخور نفی است. دوم در ساحت عشق که نیکو و درخور اثبات است؛ ازاین‌رو تفاوت روایت عطار با مولوی از داستانی واحد، نشانۀ اختلاف دیدگاه‌شان نیست، بلکه نشانۀ اهتمام‌شان به پرداختن وجهی از وجوه متفاوت گستاخی است.

analysis of insolence towards god almighty in the story of amid khorasan narrated by attar and rumi based on the theory of negation and affirmation

present study aims at analyzing the concept of insolence towards almighty in the story of amid khorasan, narrated by attar and rumi. the theory of negation and affirmation is the research’s theoretical basis. this study, which is conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, aims to analyze the contradiction of insolence towards god in the story of amid khorasan narrated by the conference of the birds and masnavi. finally, it provides a correct interpretation of attar’s and rumi’s viewpoints using the evidence in their works, and the theory of negation and affirmation.the concept of insolence in the narration of the conference of the birds and masnavi does not follow the same discourse, since attar’s narration praises the insolence towards god and rumi’s blames it. in total, both poets have common approaches towards insolence in their works. it means insolence towards god is reflected in attar’s and rumi’s view in two states. while insolence is reprehensible in the servantship state, it is praiseworthy in the love state. therefore, the difference between attar’s and rumi’s narration of the same story does not mean their attitudes are different, but rather it shows that they try to address a facet of different aspects of insolence.keywords: insolence towards god, the story of amid khorasan, the theory of negation and affirmation, attar, rumi.introduction   present study aims at analyzing the concept of insolence towards almighty in the story of amid khorasan, narrated by attar and rumi. the theory of negation and affirmation is the research’s theoretical basis. the concept of insolence in the narration of the conference of the birds and masnavi does not follow the same discourse, since attar’s narration praises the insolence towards god and rumi’s blames it. in total, both poets have common approaches towards insolence in their works. it means insolence towards god is reflected in attar’s and rumi’s view in two states. while insolence is reprehensible in the servantship state, it is praiseworthy in the love state. therefore, the difference between attar’s and rumi’s narrations of the same story does not mean their attitudes are different, but rather it shows that they try to address a facet of different aspects of insolence.literature, method and aim of the researchalthough no independent study has been conducted about insolence towards god in islamic mysticism, the aforementioned concept has appeared implicitly in some mystical studies. for example, hellmut ritter (1995) in the 10th chapter of the book the ocean of the soul, describes the assertiveness which the crazy-wise men make towards god in the works of attar. hossein arian (2006) in his article craziness and pretending to be crazy in mystical literature briefly refers to the assertiveness of crazy-wise men towards god. fatemeh modarresi (2007) in her study theophanic locutions of the mystic and insolence of the crazy-man in attar’s masnavis states that the insolence of the crazy-men reflects the material tensions arising from the injustices ruling the society.