انواع طنزهای موقعیتی در شعر حافظ

کنش ‌های نامتعارف رفتاری در یک موقعیت متعارف، نوعی از طنز را پدید می‌آورد که نامش طنز موقعیتی است. حافظ استاد طنزهای موقعیتی است، چون به موازات تلاش برای رسیدن به اوج هنرنمایی‌های ادبی، حساسیت به موضوعات سیاسی و اجتماعی نیز از دغدغه‌های اساسی در زندگی و اشعار اوست. گونه‌های طنز موقعیتی در اشعار او بیش از طنزهای ادبی است. این موضوع نشان دهنده‌ی آن است که در عصر حافظ، رفتار شخصیت‌های سیاسی و فرهنگی به حدی تمسخرآمیز و تعجب‌انگیز و متناقض بوده است که شاعری چون حافظ و هم‌چنین عبید زاکانی، نیاز چندانی به آفرینش طنز به شیوه‌ی تصنعی در اشعار و آثار خود احساس نمی‌کرده‌اند. آن‌ها با تصویر واقعیت‌های جاری در جامعه، گونه‌های مختلفی از طنز را پدید آورده‌اند که نامش طنز موقعیتی یا رفتاری است. حافظ با خلق شخصیت‌های آرمانی چون پیر مغان و رند بازاری تلاش می‌کند تا  ارزش‌های مقبول عرفی را به عنوان  مناسب‌ترین جای‌گزین‌ها در برابر گفتمان‌ های مسلط و منفور سیاسی، دینی و عرفانیِ حاکم بر جامعه، الگوسازی کند.

types of situational humor in hafez’s poetry

unconventional behavioral actions in a conventional situation create a type of humor called situational humor. hafez is a master of situational satire, because along with trying to reach the peak of literary performances, sensitivity to political and social issues is also one of the main concerns in her life and poems. there are more types of situational humor in his poems than literary humor. this shows that during hafez’s era, the behavior of political and cultural figures was so mocking, surprising and contradictory that poets like hafez and obaid zakani did not feel much need to create humor in an artificial way in their poems and works. by portraying current realities in society, they have created different types of humor, which is called situational or behavioral humor. by creating idealistic characters such as pire moghan and rende bazari, hafez tries to model acceptable common values ​​as the most suitable substitutes against the dominant and hateful political, religious and mystical discourses ruling the society.key words: hafez, ilkhanian, humor, situational humor, pire moghan, rende bisaman.  introduction: humor is sometimes the weapon of those who want to fight with the hostility and unjust violence in a peaceful way and shout their disgrace in history. humor is a tool of revenge in the hands of people who sometimes find harsh and critical speech not beneficial but harmful to themselves and the society and have no choice but to express their dissatisfaction with the existing situation, sometimes with sarcasm. or taunting and insulting, or humiliating and mocking, and sometimes they depict the reality by simply quoting and narrating the news or presenting the reality itself.method: hafez doesn’t use sharp critical language or mockery against amir mubarez al-din, whose decisive argument is bare sword and brutality. because the first becomes a reason for his anger and the poet gets caught, and the second does not have the power to depict the depth of the tragedies committed by amir mubarez al-din. his method to scandalize the tyrannical rulers and their corrupt associates is to directly narrate their hypocritical behaviors and unjustified prejudices and their illogical and ridiculous actions. sometimes the behaviors, words, and ideas that emerge from people, without any change or appropriation, are considered a great example of natural and mocking humor. many natural jokes are also classified as situational jokes.